1
00:00:01,168 --> 00:00:02,501
Narrator: AROUND THE WORLD,
2
00:00:02,503 --> 00:00:04,903
THE RACE TO WIN WARS
AND EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE
3
00:00:04,905 --> 00:00:06,438
HAVE CREATED SOME OF THE MOST
4
00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:08,373
INCREDIBLE PRODUCTS
EVER DESIGNED.
5
00:00:08,375 --> 00:00:09,975
AND WE USE THEM EVERY DAY,
6
00:00:09,977 --> 00:00:12,211
UNAWARE OF THEIR
AMAZING ORIGINS.
7
00:00:14,915 --> 00:00:17,115
ON "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS,"
8
00:00:17,117 --> 00:00:20,385
THE WRISTWATCH --
HOW DOES WORLD WAR I
9
00:00:20,387 --> 00:00:22,621
FIT INTO ITS POPULARITY TODAY?
10
00:00:24,625 --> 00:00:26,458
THE DIGITAL CAMERA --
11
00:00:26,460 --> 00:00:31,397
WHAT IS THE LINK BETWEEN
SPY SATELLITES AND THE SELFIE?
12
00:00:31,399 --> 00:00:32,865
THE PROSTHETIC LEG --
13
00:00:32,867 --> 00:00:36,968
THE AMAZING EVOLUTION
OF THIS HIGH-TECH WONDER.
14
00:00:36,970 --> 00:00:38,736
WE REVEAL
THE AMAZING HISTORY
15
00:00:38,738 --> 00:00:43,008
AND ENGINEERING BEHIND
THESE INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS.
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00:00:43,010 --> 00:00:46,144
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
17
00:00:46,146 --> 00:00:49,048
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
18
00:01:00,160 --> 00:01:02,894
THE MODERN WRISTWATCH
HAS MANY ROLES,
19
00:01:02,896 --> 00:01:04,696
AN EXPENSIVE PIECE OF JEWELRY,
20
00:01:04,698 --> 00:01:06,364
A HIGH-TECH WRIST-WORN
COMPUTER,
21
00:01:06,366 --> 00:01:09,033
EVEN A DEVICE TO TELL THE TIME.
22
00:01:09,035 --> 00:01:11,970
BUT DO YOU KNOW
THAT WARFARE IS THE REASON
23
00:01:11,972 --> 00:01:15,174
FOR ITS POPULARITY TODAY?
24
00:01:15,176 --> 00:01:16,641
PERSONAL WATCHES CAN TRACE
25
00:01:16,643 --> 00:01:19,178
THEIR ORIGINS BACK
TO 16th CENTURY EUROPE
26
00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:21,179
WITH TIME PIECES WORN BY MEN
27
00:01:21,181 --> 00:01:22,915
AS PENDANTS
AROUND THEIR NECK.
28
00:01:22,917 --> 00:01:25,117
WATCHES WERE A VERY
EXPENSIVE ITEM,
29
00:01:25,119 --> 00:01:27,519
AND THE WRISTWATCH
WAS USED EXCLUSIVELY
30
00:01:27,521 --> 00:01:29,254
AS A FEMALE ACCESSORY,
31
00:01:29,256 --> 00:01:30,856
TYPIFIED BY ROBERT DUDLEY
32
00:01:30,858 --> 00:01:33,324
PRESENTING A WRISTWATCH
TO THE ENGLISH QUEEN,
33
00:01:33,326 --> 00:01:37,062
ELIZABETH THE FIRST, IN 1571.
34
00:01:37,064 --> 00:01:40,265
Ellis: WRISTWATCHES WERE MAINLY
RESERVED FOR WOMEN
35
00:01:40,267 --> 00:01:42,934
AND WERE KNOWN THEN
AS WRISTLETS.
36
00:01:42,936 --> 00:01:44,536
AND IT WAS CERTAINLY
VERY EFFEMINATE
37
00:01:44,538 --> 00:01:46,538
FOR A MAN TO WEAR A WRISTWATCH.
38
00:01:46,540 --> 00:01:49,274
Narrator: IT WAS IN WORLD WAR
I,
THOUGH, THAT GOOD TIMEKEEPING
39
00:01:49,276 --> 00:01:51,009
BECAME AS IMPORTANT
AS THE BULLETS
40
00:01:51,011 --> 00:01:54,880
IN A SOLDIER'S GUN
OR THE BOOTS ON HIS FEET.
41
00:01:54,882 --> 00:01:56,615
WE COME TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
42
00:01:56,617 --> 00:01:59,217
WE HAVE THE FAMOUS --
OR THE INFAMOUS --
43
00:01:59,219 --> 00:02:02,687
BATTLE OF THE SOMME
THE 1st OF JULY, 1916.
44
00:02:02,689 --> 00:02:05,491
7:30 IN THE MORNING,
45
00:02:05,493 --> 00:02:07,892
YOU'VE GOT TO KNOW EXACTLY
WHAT TIME YOU'RE GOING OVER.
46
00:02:07,894 --> 00:02:10,695
IF YOU'RE HOLDING
A POCKET WATCH,
47
00:02:10,697 --> 00:02:13,832
HOW ARE YOU THEN
GOING TO HOLD YOUR WEAPON?
48
00:02:13,834 --> 00:02:17,369
Narrator: THE ONLY WAY THE
SOLDIERS COULD SAFELY ADVANCE
49
00:02:17,371 --> 00:02:20,505
WAS IF A CREEPING BARRAGE
BY THEIR OWN ARTILLERY
50
00:02:20,507 --> 00:02:21,973
SCREENED THEIR ADVANCE
51
00:02:21,975 --> 00:02:25,443
LIKE A HUGE EXPLODING CURTAIN
FALLING JUST AHEAD OF THEM.
52
00:02:25,445 --> 00:02:27,913
AS THEY MOVED FORWARD,
SO DID THE COVERING FIRE,
53
00:02:27,915 --> 00:02:32,050
KILLING THE ENEMY BUT GOING
OVER
THE HEADS OF THEIR OWN SIDE.
54
00:02:32,052 --> 00:02:35,720
TO PROTECT THE GLASS FACE FROM
THE MUD, BLOOD, AND BULLETS,
55
00:02:35,722 --> 00:02:39,057
THE WATCHES WERE FITTED
WITH SHOCK-PROOF FACES.
56
00:02:39,059 --> 00:02:40,792
AND LUMINOUS DIALS
WERE DEVELOPED
57
00:02:40,794 --> 00:02:43,462
TO GIVE AN ACCURATE TIME CHECK
IN THE DARK OF A TRENCH
58
00:02:43,464 --> 00:02:45,797
WHERE A SNIPER'S BULLET
WOULD FIND ITS TARGET
59
00:02:45,799 --> 00:02:47,732
IF A LIGHT WAS TURNED ON.
60
00:02:47,734 --> 00:02:49,067
WITH THE MEMORY
OF THEIR PRACTICALITY
61
00:02:49,069 --> 00:02:51,135
IN WORLD WAR I
FRESH IN THEIR MINDS
62
00:02:51,137 --> 00:02:52,871
AND THE AVAILABILITY
OF CHEAP PARTS
63
00:02:52,873 --> 00:02:54,273
AND MASS PRODUCTION,
64
00:02:54,275 --> 00:02:57,209
EVEN THE ORDINARY MAN
CAN NOW AFFORD ONE.
65
00:02:57,211 --> 00:03:00,412
BUT JUST HOW IS
A WRISTWATCH MANUFACTURED?
66
00:03:00,414 --> 00:03:02,681
THE SCHOFIELD WATCH COMPANY
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00:03:02,683 --> 00:03:07,019
HAS BEEN CREATING LUXURY
WRISTWATCHES SINCE 2011.
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00:03:07,021 --> 00:03:09,955
THE LIFE OF A SCHOFIELD WATCH
STARTS WITH THE MANUFACTURE
69
00:03:09,957 --> 00:03:12,090
OF THE WATCH CASE.
70
00:03:12,092 --> 00:03:13,958
THE WATCH CASE IS
COMPRISED OF TWO PARTS,
71
00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:17,161
THE FRONT, WHICH THE STRAP
WILL BE FITTED TO,
72
00:03:17,163 --> 00:03:18,964
AND THE REAR,
WHICH IS A GLASS WINDOW
73
00:03:18,966 --> 00:03:22,100
TO DISPLAY THE WATCH MECHANISM.
74
00:03:22,102 --> 00:03:25,103
IT TAKES MANY MAN HOURS
TO MAKE A MECHANICAL
WRISTWATCH,
75
00:03:25,105 --> 00:03:26,638
AND A MECHANICAL
WRISTWATCH ESPECIALLY,
76
00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:29,040
BECAUSE THERE ARE
SO MANY MOVING PARTS.
77
00:03:29,042 --> 00:03:30,509
THERE'S SO MUCH
ENGINEERING INVOLVED.
78
00:03:30,511 --> 00:03:32,377
A CASE ALONE TAKES
79
00:03:32,379 --> 00:03:35,847
ABOUT 14 HOURS
TO MACHINE FROM BILLET
80
00:03:35,849 --> 00:03:39,651
TO THE FINISHED PIECE
READY FOR ASSEMBLY.
81
00:03:39,653 --> 00:03:42,454
Narrator: THE FRONT PART
OF THE WATCH CASE STARTS OFF
82
00:03:42,456 --> 00:03:45,523
AS A LARGE PIECE OF TITANIUM
CALLED A BILLET.
83
00:03:45,525 --> 00:03:47,326
THE BILLET UNDERGOES A LONG
84
00:03:47,328 --> 00:03:49,661
AND RIGOROUS PROCESS
CALLED MACHINING
85
00:03:49,663 --> 00:03:51,263
WHERE ITS SHAPE IS SCULPTED
86
00:03:51,265 --> 00:03:55,066
USING THE LATEST COMPUTER
NUMERIC CONTROL MACHINERY.
87
00:03:55,068 --> 00:03:56,934
ALSO KNOWN AS CNC MACHINES,
88
00:03:56,936 --> 00:04:00,539
THESE MILLS AND BLADES CAN CUT
WITH ABSOLUTE PRECISION
89
00:04:00,541 --> 00:04:03,275
TO ACHIEVE A PERFECT FINISH.
90
00:04:03,277 --> 00:04:04,943
EVEN USING
STATE-OF-THE-ART MACHINERY,
91
00:04:04,945 --> 00:04:09,014
THE SHAPING PROCESS
STILL TAKES EIGHT HOURS.
92
00:04:09,016 --> 00:04:12,083
TO BEGIN, THE BILLET
IS FIXED TO A LATHE
93
00:04:12,085 --> 00:04:15,687
WHERE THE FIRST CUTS
AND INITIAL HOLES ARE MADE.
94
00:04:15,689 --> 00:04:17,555
ONCE COMPLETED,
THE BILLET IS THEN TAKEN
95
00:04:17,557 --> 00:04:22,194
THROUGH THE FIRST OF MANY
MILLED PROCESSES.
96
00:04:22,196 --> 00:04:24,095
HERE, THE INNER THREADS
ARE BORED OUT,
97
00:04:24,097 --> 00:04:27,765
CLEANED, AND EXAMINED BY HAND.
98
00:04:27,767 --> 00:04:30,568
THEN IT IS BACK TO THE MILL
WHERE THE FRONT,
99
00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,106
TOP, AND BACK OF THE NEWLY
FORMED CASE IS CARVED OUT.
100
00:04:36,243 --> 00:04:42,180
IT'S HERE THAT WE CAN START TO
SEE THE WATCH CASE TAKING
SHAPE.
101
00:04:42,182 --> 00:04:44,182
A STAINLESS-STEEL BACK
IS FITTED,
102
00:04:44,184 --> 00:04:48,453
THEN IT'S BACK TO THE MILL
ONCE AGAIN FOR FINE-TUNING.
103
00:04:48,455 --> 00:04:51,590
THE CASING IS PUT THROUGH
ITS FINAL MACHINE PROCESS
104
00:04:51,592 --> 00:04:53,925
BEFORE IT IS SENT TO BE
INSPECTED BY HAND.
105
00:04:55,996 --> 00:04:58,263
EACH CASE MUST PASS
THROUGH INSPECTION
106
00:04:58,265 --> 00:05:02,867
BEFORE IT IS RELEASED
TO THE ASSEMBLY LABS.
107
00:05:02,869 --> 00:05:04,869
ONCE THE CASE
PASSES INSPECTION,
108
00:05:04,871 --> 00:05:06,671
IT IS SENT TO THE ASSEMBLY LAB
109
00:05:06,673 --> 00:05:08,807
WHERE SKILLED WATCHMAKERS
BEGIN A DETAILED
110
00:05:08,809 --> 00:05:12,677
AND METICULOUS ROUTINE
TO HAND BUILD THE WATCHES.
111
00:05:12,679 --> 00:05:14,679
THE FIRST STAGE
IS TO USE A MACHINE
112
00:05:14,681 --> 00:05:17,416
CALLED A CRYSTAL PRESS.
113
00:05:17,418 --> 00:05:20,151
IT IS USED TO PRESS
THE GLASS INTO THE CASE
114
00:05:20,153 --> 00:05:22,287
TO CREATE A TIGHT FRICTION FIT
115
00:05:22,289 --> 00:05:25,824
AND TO HELP KEEP
THE WATCH WATERPROOF.
116
00:05:25,826 --> 00:05:29,761
THE MAKER THEN CAREFULLY
SELECTS
THE MOVEMENT PARTS BY HAND
117
00:05:29,763 --> 00:05:31,763
FROM A RANGE OF NEW
AND OLD STOCK
118
00:05:31,765 --> 00:05:36,000
THAT HAS BEEN FULLY
REFURBISHED.
119
00:05:36,002 --> 00:05:37,502
THE WATCH IS COMPRISED
120
00:05:37,504 --> 00:05:39,704
OF AN EXTREMELY COMPLICATED
SET OF PARTS,
121
00:05:39,706 --> 00:05:41,373
AND IT CAN TAKE UP
TO THREE HOURS
122
00:05:41,375 --> 00:05:43,175
FOR A SKILLED WATCH
MAKER TO CAREFULLY
123
00:05:43,177 --> 00:05:45,577
AND PRECISELY PLACE
ALL THE MOVEMENTS,
124
00:05:45,579 --> 00:05:49,580
AUTO WORKS, AND ROTORS
TOGETHER.
125
00:05:49,582 --> 00:05:51,249
THEN IT COMES TO
ACTUAL WATCH ASSEMBLY
126
00:05:51,251 --> 00:05:53,452
AND THE BUILDING
OF THE MOVEMENTS.
127
00:05:53,454 --> 00:05:54,786
AND, AGAIN, LOOKING AT THE
BETA,
128
00:05:54,788 --> 00:05:56,788
WE USE NEW
OLD-STOCK SWISS MOVEMENTS,
129
00:05:56,790 --> 00:05:58,256
AND THESE HAVE
TO BE SERVICED.
130
00:05:58,258 --> 00:05:59,658
SO, EFFECTIVELY,
THEY'RE STRIPPED DOWN
131
00:05:59,660 --> 00:06:02,727
TO THEIR COMPONENT PARTS,
THEN THEY'RE REBUILT.
132
00:06:02,729 --> 00:06:04,729
SO WE'RE LOOKING
AT A FURTHER THREE HOURS
133
00:06:04,731 --> 00:06:06,465
TO PUT THAT TOGETHER
BY A WATCHMAKER.
134
00:06:06,467 --> 00:06:09,534
SO, WE REALLY ARE ACCUMULATING
A LOT OF MAN HOURS
135
00:06:09,536 --> 00:06:12,136
TO BE ABLE
TO PUT A WRISTWATCH TOGETHER.
136
00:06:12,138 --> 00:06:14,806
Narrator: THE DIAL IS THEN
ADDED
ALONG WITH THE HANDS
137
00:06:14,808 --> 00:06:17,275
BEFORE TESTING AT KEY
POINTS ENSURES
138
00:06:17,277 --> 00:06:22,547
ALL THE MECHANISMS
ARE ALIGNED CORRECTLY.
139
00:06:22,549 --> 00:06:25,550
THE MOVEMENT IS THEN PLACED
INSIDE THE CASING
140
00:06:25,552 --> 00:06:26,951
AND FASTENED INTO PLACE
141
00:06:26,953 --> 00:06:29,888
TO MAKE SURE THE FIT
IS TIGHT AND WATERPROOF.
142
00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:36,094
THE COMPLETED WATCH
IS THEN PUT THROUGH A PRESSURE
143
00:06:36,096 --> 00:06:37,362
AND VACUUM MACHINE
144
00:06:37,364 --> 00:06:40,031
TO TEST THE TOLERANCE LEVELS
OF THE WATCH.
145
00:06:40,033 --> 00:06:42,834
AND TO MAKE SURE IT MEETS
SCHOFIELD'S HIGHEST STANDARDS,
146
00:06:42,836 --> 00:06:44,702
EVERY WATCH THAT
LEAVES THE FACTORY
147
00:06:44,704 --> 00:06:47,639
IS METICULOUSLY INSPECTED,
148
00:06:47,641 --> 00:06:50,308
WITH FINAL INSPECTIONS
CARRIED OUT BY HAND
149
00:06:50,310 --> 00:06:51,843
BEFORE BEING PACKAGED INTO
150
00:06:51,845 --> 00:06:54,045
A HAND-CRAFTED BOX
READY FOR DELIVERY.
151
00:06:54,047 --> 00:06:56,314
SO, THE NEXT TIME YOU GLANCE
152
00:06:56,316 --> 00:06:57,783
AT THAT ENGINEERING MASTERPIECE
153
00:06:57,785 --> 00:06:59,718
SITTING ON YOUR WRIST,
154
00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:01,519
REMEMBER IT OWES ITS POPULARITY
155
00:07:01,521 --> 00:07:04,455
TO THE HELL
ON THE WESTERN FRONT.
156
00:07:04,457 --> 00:07:06,724
WHEN "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS"
RETURNS,
157
00:07:06,726 --> 00:07:08,860
WE FIND OUT
WHAT THE EVERYDAY SELFIE
158
00:07:08,862 --> 00:07:11,363
HAS IN COMMON
WITH SPY SATELLITES.
159
00:07:22,009 --> 00:07:25,477
Narrator: WHO DOESN'T LOVE
TAKING A QUICK FAMILY SNAPSHOT,
160
00:07:25,479 --> 00:07:27,144
A PHOTO
OF AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE,
161
00:07:27,146 --> 00:07:30,348
AND EVEN THE MUNDANE SHOT
OF WHAT YOU ATE LAST NIGHT?
162
00:07:30,350 --> 00:07:32,817
BUT HAVE YOU EVER CONSIDERED
THE TECHNOLOGY
163
00:07:32,819 --> 00:07:35,686
THAT HAS MADE PHOTOGRAPHY
SO EASY AND INSTANT?
164
00:07:35,688 --> 00:07:37,021
AND WHAT HAS A SELFIE
165
00:07:37,023 --> 00:07:38,957
GOT IN COMMON
WITH SPY SATELLITES?
166
00:07:38,959 --> 00:07:41,626
THE ANSWER IS
THE DIGITAL CAMERA.
167
00:07:41,628 --> 00:07:43,628
IF YOU ARE UNDER
THE AGE OF 20,
168
00:07:43,630 --> 00:07:45,030
YOU CANNOT POSSIBLY IMAGINE
169
00:07:45,032 --> 00:07:46,831
HOW THIS TECHNOLOGY
HAS CHANGED
170
00:07:46,833 --> 00:07:48,833
THE WAY WE TAKE
AND SHARE A PICTURE.
171
00:07:48,835 --> 00:07:52,103
IN THE YEARS B.C. --
THAT'S BEFORE CAMERAS --
172
00:07:52,105 --> 00:07:54,639
THE ONLY WAY TO CREATE AN IMAGE
WAS TO TAKE OUT AN EASEL
173
00:07:54,641 --> 00:07:56,441
AND START PAINTING AWAY.
174
00:07:56,443 --> 00:07:59,377
THE INVENTION OF THE FILM
CAMERA
AND ITS INTRODUCTION
175
00:07:59,379 --> 00:08:02,447
TO THE MASS MARKET
IN THE 1900s CHANGED ALL THAT.
176
00:08:02,449 --> 00:08:05,183
NOW SCIENCE HAS GIVEN
EVERYONE THE ABILITY
177
00:08:05,185 --> 00:08:08,453
TO CAPTURE
THAT SPECIAL MOMENT IN TIME.
178
00:08:08,455 --> 00:08:10,521
Gybels: IN A TRADITIONAL FILM
CAMERA, THE LIGHT COMES IN,
179
00:08:10,523 --> 00:08:12,657
IS CAPTURED THROUGH
A SMALL OPENING,
180
00:08:12,659 --> 00:08:18,129
THEN PROJECTED THROUGH MIRRORS
AND LENSES ONTO A FILM SURFACE,
181
00:08:18,131 --> 00:08:20,131
WHICH IS COATED WITH A
SUBSTANCE
182
00:08:20,133 --> 00:08:23,601
THAT HAS LIGHT-SENSITIVE
MATERIAL IN IT.
183
00:08:23,603 --> 00:08:26,471
SO, IT HAD TO BE DEVELOPED
BEFORE YOU COULD SHARE.
184
00:08:26,473 --> 00:08:29,007
THERE WAS NO EASY WAY
OF THEN TRANSMITTING IT
185
00:08:29,009 --> 00:08:31,543
IN ALMOST REAL TIME
TO SOMEBODY ELSE.
186
00:08:31,545 --> 00:08:35,213
Narrator: WITH THE POPULARITY
OF
FILM CAMERAS FIRMLY
ESTABLISHED,
187
00:08:35,215 --> 00:08:37,415
WHAT WAS THE NEED
FOR DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY?
188
00:08:37,417 --> 00:08:41,085
THE ANSWER IS IN THE STARS.
189
00:08:41,087 --> 00:08:43,421
THE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH
OF THE SPUTNIK SATELLITE
190
00:08:43,423 --> 00:08:46,224
BY THE RUSSIANS
IN OCTOBER 1957,
191
00:08:46,226 --> 00:08:49,694
OPENS UP A NEW FRONTIER
IN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING.
192
00:08:49,696 --> 00:08:52,497
SOON, U.S. AND RUSSIAN
SPY SATELLITES
193
00:08:52,499 --> 00:08:55,232
EQUIPPED WITH FILM CAMERAS
ARE BEING LAUNCHED
194
00:08:55,234 --> 00:08:59,037
TO KEEP AN EYE ON EACH OTHER
FROM A LOFTY PERCH OF SPACE.
195
00:08:59,039 --> 00:09:00,438
IN THE EARLY DAYS
OF SPY SATELLITES,
196
00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:02,040
THEY USED ACTUAL CAMERAS
197
00:09:02,042 --> 00:09:04,042
WITH FILM ON BOARD
THE SATELLITE.
198
00:09:04,044 --> 00:09:07,445
SO, NOW YOU HAVE THIS PROBLEM
OF
THE SATELLITE THAT SITS IN
ORBIT
199
00:09:07,447 --> 00:09:09,781
AROUND THE EARTH CAN'T EASILY
BE BROUGHT BACK DOWN TO EARTH,
200
00:09:09,783 --> 00:09:12,049
SO YOU NEED TO
GET THE FILM DOWN.
201
00:09:12,051 --> 00:09:14,386
AND THEREFORE,
ALL KIND OF ELABORATE SCHEMES
202
00:09:14,388 --> 00:09:16,921
WHEREBY THE FILM WENT INTO
A RE-ENTRY CAPSULE
203
00:09:16,923 --> 00:09:19,023
THAT WAS THEN SHOT BACK DOWN,
204
00:09:19,025 --> 00:09:20,592
IT CAME DOWN IN A PARACHUTE,
205
00:09:20,594 --> 00:09:23,595
A PLANE CAME BY AND PICKED IT
UP
WITH A GRAPPLER HOOK.
206
00:09:23,597 --> 00:09:25,330
THIS CREATES
ALL KINDS OF PRACTICAL
207
00:09:25,332 --> 00:09:27,198
AND OTHER DIFFICULTIES.
208
00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:30,401
Narrator: THIS COMPLICATED
SYSTEM NEEDED TO BE IMPROVED.
209
00:09:30,403 --> 00:09:32,404
AND THE LAUNCH
OF THE $1 BILLION,
210
00:09:32,406 --> 00:09:35,540
15-TON KH-11,
OR KEYHOLE CLASS SATELLITE,
211
00:09:35,542 --> 00:09:38,009
IN 1976 SOLVES THIS ISSUE
212
00:09:38,011 --> 00:09:40,545
WITH ITS AMAZING
DIGITAL CAMERA POWERED
213
00:09:40,547 --> 00:09:42,681
BY A REVOLUTIONARY CCD,
214
00:09:42,683 --> 00:09:44,816
A CHARGED-COUPLED DEVICE.
215
00:09:44,818 --> 00:09:46,351
Gybels:
A CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE,
216
00:09:46,353 --> 00:09:48,953
IT'S A SURFACE
THAT HAS A PROPERTY
217
00:09:48,955 --> 00:09:50,755
THAT WHEN LIGHT FALLS ONTO IT,
218
00:09:50,757 --> 00:09:53,557
IT GENERATES
AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE
219
00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:55,559
THAT IS PROPORTIONAL
TO THE LIGHT
220
00:09:55,561 --> 00:09:57,162
THAT FALLS ONTO THE SURFACE.
221
00:09:57,164 --> 00:09:59,764
SO, BASICALLY, AN IMAGE,
A VISUAL IMAGE,
222
00:09:59,766 --> 00:10:03,368
IS TRANSLATED INTO A SERIES
OF ELECTRICAL CHARGES.
223
00:10:03,370 --> 00:10:05,703
THOSE ELECTRICAL CHARGES
CAN THEN BE TAKEN
224
00:10:05,705 --> 00:10:07,706
INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
225
00:10:07,708 --> 00:10:09,641
THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED
TO A RECEIVER,
226
00:10:09,643 --> 00:10:11,776
AND THEN THAT SIGNAL
CAN BE RE-TRANSLATED
227
00:10:11,778 --> 00:10:15,246
INTO VISUAL POINTS
OF LIGHT ON A SCREEN
228
00:10:15,248 --> 00:10:18,382
OR ANY OTHER FORM OF IMAGING.
229
00:10:18,384 --> 00:10:21,586
Narrator:
THE 800x800 PIXEL CCD
230
00:10:21,588 --> 00:10:23,454
ON BOARD THE KH-11 PROVIDES
231
00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:26,858
A RESOLUTION OF 640,000 PIXELS.
232
00:10:26,860 --> 00:10:29,794
THAT MEANS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT
CAN FOCUS ON AN OBJECT
233
00:10:29,796 --> 00:10:34,866
AS SMALL AS 5 INCHES
FROM 200 MILES AWAY IN SPACE
234
00:10:34,868 --> 00:10:37,334
AND BEAM ELECTRONIC VERSION
OF THE IMAGE
235
00:10:37,336 --> 00:10:40,471
BACK TO EARTH INSTANTLY.
236
00:10:40,473 --> 00:10:43,341
SO, THE MILITARY PROVES
THE CCD's WORTH,
237
00:10:43,343 --> 00:10:45,410
BUT WHEN CCD-EQUIPPED
DIGITAL CAMERAS
238
00:10:45,412 --> 00:10:47,479
HIT THE SHELVES IN THE 1990s,
239
00:10:47,481 --> 00:10:50,481
THEIR HIGH COST LEADS
TO SLOW SALES.
240
00:10:50,483 --> 00:10:53,551
ENTER THE COMPLEMENTARY
METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR,
241
00:10:53,553 --> 00:10:56,021
OR CMOS SENSOR.
242
00:10:56,023 --> 00:10:58,556
DEVELOPED AND REFINED
DURING THE LATE 1990s,
243
00:10:58,558 --> 00:11:00,625
THE CMOS SENSOR CAPTURES
AN IMAGE
244
00:11:00,627 --> 00:11:03,894
IN A SIMILAR WAY TO THE CCD,
BUT IS MADE USING
245
00:11:03,896 --> 00:11:06,831
TRADITIONAL MICROCHIP-
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES,
246
00:11:06,833 --> 00:11:09,501
UNLIKE THE SPECIALIZED
AND EXPENSIVE CCD.
247
00:11:09,503 --> 00:11:13,171
Gybels: CMOS REQUIRES LESS
POWER
THAN TRADITIONAL CCDs,
248
00:11:13,173 --> 00:11:16,441
SO IT IS QUITE SUITABLE
FOR DEVICES LIKE MOBILE PHONES,
249
00:11:16,443 --> 00:11:19,243
WHERE BATTERY POWER
COMES AT A PREMIUM.
250
00:11:19,245 --> 00:11:21,379
AND FURTHERMORE,
THIS TECHNOLOGY'S VERY SIMILAR
251
00:11:21,381 --> 00:11:24,716
TO OTHER COMPONENTS
ALREADY USED IN CAMERAS,
252
00:11:24,718 --> 00:11:27,185
AND THEREFORE IT MAKES
FOR A CONVENIENT
253
00:11:27,187 --> 00:11:31,055
AND ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE WAY
OF PRODUCING CAMERAS
254
00:11:31,057 --> 00:11:33,591
FOR THINGS LIKE MOBILE PHONES
THAT ARE COMPACT,
255
00:11:33,593 --> 00:11:34,859
DON'T REQUIRE A LOT OF POWER,
256
00:11:34,861 --> 00:11:39,130
YET STILL HAVE GOOD-QUALITY
IMAGING PROPERTIES.
257
00:11:39,132 --> 00:11:40,932
Narrator:
WITHIN THESE CLEVER SENSORS
258
00:11:40,934 --> 00:11:43,267
POWERING THE CAMERAS
INSIDE OUR PHONES,
259
00:11:43,269 --> 00:11:46,404
THE DIGITAL CAMERA IS NOW
PART OF OUR EVERYDAY LIVES,
260
00:11:46,406 --> 00:11:48,206
AND IT'S GIVEN US
THE ABILITY TO CAPTURE
261
00:11:48,208 --> 00:11:51,543
AND SHARE OUR EXPERIENCES
AS NEVER BEFORE.
262
00:11:51,545 --> 00:11:53,278
A DEVICE INVENTED FOR SPYING,
263
00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:55,747
BUT NOW USED FOR
THE OBLIGATORY SELFIE --
264
00:11:55,749 --> 00:12:00,017
THE DIGITAL CAMERA --
TRULY AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.
265
00:12:00,019 --> 00:12:03,954
HOW DO YOU TURN YOUR SMARTPHONE
INTO A POWERFUL MICROSCOPE?
266
00:12:03,956 --> 00:12:06,091
FIND OUT WHEN WE RETURN.
267
00:12:19,306 --> 00:12:21,306
Narrator: WE ARE FAMILIAR
WITH THE DIGITAL CAMERA
268
00:12:21,308 --> 00:12:24,642
IN OUR MOBILE PHONES CAPTURING
EVERY DETAIL OF OUR LIVES.
269
00:12:24,644 --> 00:12:27,779
BUT WHAT ABOUT FOCUSING
EVEN CLOSER ON OUR WORLD?
270
00:12:27,781 --> 00:12:31,049
LET'S MAKE OUR MOBILE PHONE
INTO A MOBILE MICROSCOPE.
271
00:12:31,051 --> 00:12:35,320
ALL WE NEED IS PLEXIGLASS,
WOOD, BOLTS, WASHERS,
272
00:12:35,322 --> 00:12:39,057
A SMALL L.E.D. FLASHLIGHT,
AND A LASER POINTER.
273
00:12:39,059 --> 00:12:41,593
NOTICE THE TINY LENS
AT THE FRONT OF YOUR PHONE.
274
00:12:41,595 --> 00:12:44,329
WELL, THE SECRET IS
TO CHANGE ITS FOCAL PLANE,
275
00:12:44,331 --> 00:12:45,797
THAT'S THE DISTANCE
FROM THE CAMERA
276
00:12:45,799 --> 00:12:47,265
TO THE OBJECTS
IT'S FOCUSING ON,
277
00:12:47,267 --> 00:12:49,600
BY PUTTING ANOTHER LENS
IN FRONT OF IT.
278
00:12:49,602 --> 00:12:51,269
ENTER THE LASER POINTER.
279
00:12:51,271 --> 00:12:54,405
WITH A LASER POINTER, YOU NEED
TO CONCENTRATE THE LASER LIGHTS
280
00:12:54,407 --> 00:12:56,073
TO, WELL, A POINT,
281
00:12:56,075 --> 00:12:58,543
AND THE FRONT OF THE POINTER
IS A TINY LENS
282
00:12:58,545 --> 00:13:00,278
WHICH CONCENTRATES
LIGHT FAR GREATER
283
00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:01,745
THAN OUR PHONE'S CAMERA.
284
00:13:01,747 --> 00:13:03,882
CAREFULLY POP THE LENS
OUT OF THE POINTER,
285
00:13:03,884 --> 00:13:06,083
AND BY FIXING IT IN FRONT
OF OUR PHONE'S LENS,
286
00:13:06,085 --> 00:13:08,887
WE HAVE CREATED
A POWERFUL MICROSCOPE.
287
00:13:08,889 --> 00:13:11,222
WELL, NOT QUITE.
THIS SETUP ALLOWS US
288
00:13:11,224 --> 00:13:13,892
TO ZOOM INTO AN OBJECT
OVER 100 TIMES.
289
00:13:13,894 --> 00:13:15,159
BUT AT THIS MAGNIFICATION,
290
00:13:15,161 --> 00:13:16,694
HOLDING THE CAMERA BY HAND
291
00:13:16,696 --> 00:13:18,763
IS GOING TO BE
A LITTLE TOO SHAKY.
292
00:13:18,765 --> 00:13:23,568
THIS IS WHERE THE WOOD
AND BOLTS COME IN.
293
00:13:23,570 --> 00:13:25,036
OUR TESTER CREATES A STAND
294
00:13:25,038 --> 00:13:28,439
BY DRILLING THREE HOLES
IN A SQUARE PIECE OF WOOD.
295
00:13:28,441 --> 00:13:30,975
THREE BOLTS ARE ADDED WITH NUTS
AND WASHERS SCREWED ON
296
00:13:30,977 --> 00:13:33,644
TO KEEP THEM IN PLACE.
297
00:13:33,646 --> 00:13:36,580
A SMALL SHEET OF PLEXIGLASS
HAS TWO HOLES MADE TO ALLOW IT
298
00:13:36,582 --> 00:13:38,582
TO SIT ON THE FRONT TWO BOLTS
299
00:13:38,584 --> 00:13:40,118
AND ACT AS A SHELF.
300
00:13:40,120 --> 00:13:42,787
THREE HOLES ARE DRILLED
IN THE LARGER PLEXI SHEET.
301
00:13:42,789 --> 00:13:45,456
AND IT IS THEN FIXED
ONTO THE TOP OF THE BOLTS
302
00:13:45,458 --> 00:13:49,393
WITH SCREWS AND WASHERS.
303
00:13:49,395 --> 00:13:51,195
A SMALL HOLE IS THEN DRILLED
304
00:13:51,197 --> 00:13:54,799
INTO WHICH THE LASER LENS
IS CAREFULLY PLACED.
305
00:13:54,801 --> 00:13:57,135
FINALLY, THE PHONE
IS CAREFULLY POSITIONED
306
00:13:57,137 --> 00:13:59,470
ON TOP OF THE LASER LENS.
307
00:13:59,472 --> 00:14:02,740
BUT WE NEED A SPECIMEN.
SO WHAT'S ON HAND?
308
00:14:02,742 --> 00:14:04,475
AH, A HUMAN HAIR.
309
00:14:04,477 --> 00:14:08,612
THIS IS PUT
ON THE SPECIMEN TRAY.
310
00:14:08,614 --> 00:14:12,216
AND THE TRAY IS PLACED BETWEEN
THE TWO LAYERS OF PLEXIGLASS,
311
00:14:12,218 --> 00:14:15,420
THEN CAREFULLY ADJUSTED
FOR FOCUS.
312
00:14:15,422 --> 00:14:18,957
AND PRESTO -- WITH THE LED
LIGHT
ILLUMINATING THE SUBJECT,
313
00:14:18,959 --> 00:14:20,825
THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN HAIR
CAN BE SEEN
314
00:14:20,827 --> 00:14:25,296
IN ALL ITS CELLULAR GLORY
ON YOUR CELL PHONE.
315
00:14:25,298 --> 00:14:26,964
SO POINT PROVED.
316
00:14:26,966 --> 00:14:29,100
THE CMOS SENSOR INSIDE
YOUR PHONE
317
00:14:29,102 --> 00:14:30,835
CAN EASILY BE UNLEASHED
318
00:14:30,837 --> 00:14:32,436
AS AN AMAZING MICROSCOPE.
319
00:14:32,438 --> 00:14:38,108
THE DIGITAL CAMERA --
TRULY AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.
320
00:14:38,110 --> 00:14:41,312
COMING UP, HOW DOES AMAZING
MODERN TECHNOLOGY
321
00:14:41,314 --> 00:14:43,314
HELP OUR WOUNDED WARRIORS?
322
00:14:54,394 --> 00:14:57,595
Narrator: FOR CENTURIES,
BATTLES HAVE PRODUCED
323
00:14:57,597 --> 00:14:59,130
SOME PRETTY GRISLY INJURIES.
324
00:14:59,132 --> 00:15:01,231
JUST A GLANCE
AT ANY RECORD OF CONFLICT
325
00:15:01,233 --> 00:15:03,735
FROM THE ANCIENT GREEKS
TO THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY
326
00:15:03,737 --> 00:15:05,870
TO THE MODERN CONFLICTS
IN THE MIDDLE EAST
327
00:15:05,872 --> 00:15:07,405
SHOWS THAT THE LOSS OF LIMBS
328
00:15:07,407 --> 00:15:09,941
BY AX OR ARTILLERY
IS A REALITY.
329
00:15:09,943 --> 00:15:12,276
MODERN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
MEAN A WOUNDED VETERAN
330
00:15:12,278 --> 00:15:15,279
ISN'T CONDEMNED
TO A LIFE OF IMMOBILITY,
331
00:15:15,281 --> 00:15:18,015
UNLIKE THEIR UNFORTUNATE
MEDIEVAL FOREBEARS.
332
00:15:18,017 --> 00:15:21,953
HOWEVER, REPLACING A LOST LIMB
WITH A METAL OR WOOD ATTACHMENT
333
00:15:21,955 --> 00:15:23,821
ISN'T AS NEW
AS YOU MIGHT THINK.
334
00:15:23,823 --> 00:15:26,156
DATING BACK TO ANCIENT EGYPT,
335
00:15:26,158 --> 00:15:28,893
A BODY HAS BEEN FOUND FITTED
WITH A WOODEN TOE.
336
00:15:28,895 --> 00:15:31,963
Ghouze: IT WAS FOUND THAT IT
BELONGED TO A NOBLE WOMAN.
337
00:15:31,965 --> 00:15:33,564
WITH IT BEING THE GREAT TOE,
338
00:15:33,566 --> 00:15:35,766
I SUPPOSE IT WOULD HAVE GIVEN
HER SOME STABILITY TO WALK,
339
00:15:35,768 --> 00:15:38,502
BUT PERHAPS, ALSO,
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN SOMETHING
340
00:15:38,504 --> 00:15:41,238
THAT WOULD BE
OF COSMETIC USE TO HER.
341
00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:43,507
Narrator: THE BIGGEST
ADVANCEMENTS IN PROSTHESIS,
342
00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:46,911
HOWEVER, WOULD COME
AS A RESULT OF WORLD WAR II,
343
00:15:46,913 --> 00:15:49,714
AND BY THE VIETNAM ERA,
THOUSANDS OF INJURED MEN
344
00:15:49,716 --> 00:15:51,516
WERE GETTING A CHANCE
FOR A BETTER LIFE
345
00:15:51,518 --> 00:15:54,051
VIA FITTED ALUMINUM LEGS.
346
00:15:54,053 --> 00:15:55,720
AND THE VETERANS
FROM MORE RECENT CONFLICTS,
347
00:15:55,722 --> 00:15:57,455
LIKE IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN
348
00:15:57,457 --> 00:15:59,724
ARE WEARING
THE NEXT GENERATION STILL.
349
00:15:59,726 --> 00:16:03,127
THE AMAZING TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES IN PROSTHETICS
350
00:16:03,129 --> 00:16:06,397
ARE ENCAPSULATED IN THIS C-LEG.
351
00:16:06,399 --> 00:16:08,265
THE C-LEG IS
THE MOST RESEARCHED
352
00:16:08,267 --> 00:16:11,202
MICROPROCESSOR-CONTROLLED
KNEE JOINT IN THE WORLD
353
00:16:11,204 --> 00:16:13,337
AND HAS BEEN ON THE MARKET
FOR ALMOST 20 YEARS
354
00:16:13,339 --> 00:16:16,073
AND HAS BECOME THE BEST-SELLING
MECHATRONIC KNEE JOINT
355
00:16:16,075 --> 00:16:20,544
IN EVERY COUNTRY IT'S SOLD.
356
00:16:20,546 --> 00:16:23,815
NOW MANUFACTURING
UP TO 5,000 C-LEGS A YEAR,
357
00:16:23,817 --> 00:16:26,351
OTTOBOCK HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS
CONTINUE TO PRODUCE
358
00:16:26,353 --> 00:16:28,152
THESE LIFE-ALTERING PROSTHETICS
359
00:16:28,154 --> 00:16:30,455
AND SUPPLY THEM
TO THOSE IN NEED.
360
00:16:34,294 --> 00:16:37,962
WALKING IS AND SHOULD BE
AN AUTOMATIC FUNCTION.
361
00:16:37,964 --> 00:16:41,565
IN A BIOLOGICAL LEG,
NERVES ACTING AS SENSORS
362
00:16:41,567 --> 00:16:45,903
SEND SIGNALS TO THE LEG MUSCLES
THAT THEN MOVE ACCORDINGLY.
363
00:16:45,905 --> 00:16:49,440
THIS HAPPENS
UP TO 20 TIMES EVERY SECOND
364
00:16:49,442 --> 00:16:52,643
IN WHAT IS KNOWN
AS A REFLEX LEAP.
365
00:16:52,645 --> 00:16:54,779
IN THE C-LEG,
THE MICROPROCESSORS
366
00:16:54,781 --> 00:16:56,513
REPLACE THE BODY SENSORS
367
00:16:56,515 --> 00:17:00,317
WHILE THE HYDRAULICS REPLACE
THE MUSCLE FUNCTION.
368
00:17:00,319 --> 00:17:03,120
HOWEVER, WHAT MAKES
THE C-LEG SO INTUITIVE
369
00:17:03,122 --> 00:17:05,589
IS THE ALL-IMPORTANT
MICROPROCESSOR
370
00:17:05,591 --> 00:17:07,325
THAT ACTS AS THE BRAINS
OF THE LEG,
371
00:17:07,327 --> 00:17:09,594
CONTROLLING THE HYDRAULICS
BY THE SENORS
372
00:17:09,596 --> 00:17:11,395
THAT ARE VITAL TO GAIT CONTROL.
373
00:17:11,397 --> 00:17:14,465
THE MICROPROCESSOR SITS
AT THE TOP OF THE C-LEG,
374
00:17:14,467 --> 00:17:17,869
JUST BELOW THE KNEE JOINT
INSIDE THIS ELECTRONIC COVER.
375
00:17:17,871 --> 00:17:20,271
IT IS NOW TIME TO ASSEMBLE
THE HYDRAULIC UNIT.
376
00:17:20,273 --> 00:17:23,541
THIS UNIT CONTROL'S
THE C-LEG'S VALVE POSITION
377
00:17:23,543 --> 00:17:25,076
AND THE DAMPENING
FOR THE EXTENSION
378
00:17:25,078 --> 00:17:26,811
AND FLEXION OF THE KNEE JOINT
379
00:17:26,813 --> 00:17:29,080
BY REGULATING VALVES
FOR OIL FLOW.
380
00:17:31,417 --> 00:17:34,952
MAGNETIC SENSORS ARE INSERTED
INTO THE HOLDER AND SOLDERED.
381
00:17:34,954 --> 00:17:38,823
THE SERVER ELECTRONICS
ARE THEN INSERTED INTO THE
CASE.
382
00:17:38,825 --> 00:17:41,692
AND THE PLUGS ARE
SOLDERED AND SECURED.
383
00:17:41,694 --> 00:17:44,495
THE ENGINE OF THE C-LEG
IS THEN POSITIONED,
384
00:17:44,497 --> 00:17:47,431
TESTED, AND ADJUSTED
ACCORDINGLY
385
00:17:47,433 --> 00:17:50,701
BEFORE BEING GLUED
INTO THE CASE.
386
00:17:50,703 --> 00:17:53,437
THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
OF THE C-LEG CONTINUES
387
00:17:53,439 --> 00:17:55,840
WITH AN INSPECTION
OF THE LEG'S COATED FRAMES
388
00:17:55,842 --> 00:17:57,375
FOR ANY MARKS OR DAMAGE.
389
00:17:57,377 --> 00:17:59,844
DAMPER IS GLUED INTO
THE FRAME OF THE LEG
390
00:17:59,846 --> 00:18:02,380
IN ORDER TO PREVENT
THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS WITHIN
391
00:18:02,382 --> 00:18:04,382
FROM MOVING AND CLASHING
AGAINST THE FRAME
392
00:18:04,384 --> 00:18:06,117
WHILE THE LEG IS USED.
393
00:18:09,255 --> 00:18:11,055
THE SERIAL NUMBERS
OF EVERY COMPONENT
394
00:18:11,057 --> 00:18:13,624
THAT MAKES UP THE C-LEG
ARE THEN RECORDED
395
00:18:13,626 --> 00:18:16,927
TO ENSURE ACCURACY
BEFORE TESTING.
396
00:18:16,929 --> 00:18:19,063
THE BATTERY OF THE C-LEG
IS ADDED
397
00:18:19,065 --> 00:18:20,665
AS WELL AS A SLIDING COMPONENT
398
00:18:20,667 --> 00:18:23,334
THAT IS USED TO MEASURE
THE KNEE ANGLE.
399
00:18:23,336 --> 00:18:26,137
THE BEEPER THAT WILL SERVE
TO ALERT PATIENTS,
400
00:18:26,139 --> 00:18:27,738
ALONG WITH A VIBRATION UNIT,
401
00:18:27,740 --> 00:18:30,941
IS THEN INSERTED AND CONNECTED
TO THE MAIN ELECTRONICS.
402
00:18:30,943 --> 00:18:34,011
ONCE THIS IS DONE, THE
MEASURING
FUNCTION OF THE ANGLE SENSOR
403
00:18:34,013 --> 00:18:37,148
FOR THE C-LEG IS VERIFIED.
404
00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:39,617
THE KNEE-ANGLE SENSOR
IS USED AS A WAY
405
00:18:39,619 --> 00:18:41,018
OF MEASURING THE KNEE POSITION
406
00:18:41,020 --> 00:18:43,487
AND OF CONTROLLING
THE PROSTHESIS.
407
00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:47,691
THE JOINT IS TURNED ON
AND CONNECTED TO P.C. SOFTWARE
408
00:18:47,693 --> 00:18:48,892
AND THEN BENT AND STRETCHED
409
00:18:48,894 --> 00:18:52,230
FROM 1 TO 7 DEGREES
AND THEN TESTED.
410
00:18:52,232 --> 00:18:55,633
THE RESULTS ARE RECORDED,
AND IF ALL TESTS ARE PASSED,
411
00:18:55,635 --> 00:19:00,037
THE HYDRAULICS CAN THEN BE
BUILT INTO THE C-LEG.
412
00:19:00,039 --> 00:19:02,373
EACH C-LEG HAS ITS OWN
TESTING PROTOCOL
413
00:19:02,375 --> 00:19:05,309
ACCORDING TO EACH PATIENT'S
SPECIFIC NEEDS.
414
00:19:05,311 --> 00:19:07,845
THE FINAL TESTING PROCESS
BEGINS WITH CONNECTING
415
00:19:07,847 --> 00:19:09,380
THE JOINT TO A COMPUTER
416
00:19:09,382 --> 00:19:13,317
AND THEN MANUALLY BENDING
AND STRETCHING THE JOINT.
417
00:19:13,319 --> 00:19:17,988
THE C-LEG IS THEN MOUNTED
ONTO A WALKING SIMULATOR.
418
00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:23,794
HERE, 1,000 STEPS ARE SIMULATED
FOR A PERIOD OF 20 MINUTES.
419
00:19:23,796 --> 00:19:25,796
ONCE THE C-LEG HAS
UNDERGONE THE RIGOROUS
420
00:19:25,798 --> 00:19:28,466
AND THOROUGH TESTING PROCESS
AND PASSED,
421
00:19:28,468 --> 00:19:30,801
IT IS THEN PACKAGED ALONG WITH
THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL
422
00:19:30,803 --> 00:19:33,604
FOR THE PATIENTS,
AND SHIPPED READY FOR USE.
423
00:19:33,606 --> 00:19:36,674
IN MY OPINION, THE C-LEG
HASN'T CHANGED MY LIFE
424
00:19:36,676 --> 00:19:40,611
BECAUSE I CAN DO WITH THE C-LEG
EVERYTHING I DID BEFORE.
425
00:19:40,613 --> 00:19:42,746
I CAN GO MOTORCYCLE RIDING.
426
00:19:42,748 --> 00:19:45,950
I CAN GO BICYCLING.
I CAN GO SKIING.
427
00:19:45,952 --> 00:19:47,851
I CAN DO EVERYTHING I WANT.
428
00:19:47,853 --> 00:19:49,954
Narrator:
USING STATE-OF-THE-ART
MATERIALS
429
00:19:49,956 --> 00:19:52,089
AND RESEARCH THAT
CAN IMPROVE THE LIVES
430
00:19:52,091 --> 00:19:53,290
OF THOSE THAT NEED THEM,
431
00:19:53,292 --> 00:19:55,092
IT'S SAFE TO SAY
THAT THIS C-LEG
432
00:19:55,094 --> 00:19:58,229
IS THE EPITOME
OF AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.
433
00:19:58,231 --> 00:20:00,831
SO, THERE YOU HAVE IT --
A GLANCE TO A HIDDEN HISTORY
434
00:20:00,833 --> 00:20:03,301
AND SUPER SCIENCE
OF SOME AMAZING PRODUCTS
435
00:20:03,303 --> 00:20:04,769
WE USE EVERY DAY
436
00:20:04,771 --> 00:20:07,705
BUT HAVE NEVER REALIZED
THEIR FASCINATING BACKGROUNDS.
437
00:20:07,707 --> 00:20:11,308
THE WRISTWATCH,
THE DIGITAL CAMERA,
438
00:20:11,310 --> 00:20:13,177
AND THE PROSTHETIC LEG --
439
00:20:13,179 --> 00:20:14,712
THEY MAY SEEM
COMMON AND ORDINARY.
440
00:20:14,714 --> 00:20:17,381
HOWEVER, THESE PRODUCTS
HELPED CHANGE THE WORLD
441
00:20:17,383 --> 00:20:19,817
ONE INCREDIBLE INVENTION
AT A TIME.