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00:00:01,769 --> 00:00:03,502
Narrator: AROUND THE WORLD,
THE RACE TO WIN WARS
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00:00:03,504 --> 00:00:06,171
AND EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE
HAS CREATED SOME OF THE MOST
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INCREDIBLE PRODUCTS
EVER DESIGNED,
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00:00:08,341 --> 00:00:10,308
AND WE USE THEM EVERY DAY,
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00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:12,977
UNAWARE OF THEIR
AMAZING ORIGINS.
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ON "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS"...
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THE TAXICAB --
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00:00:17,985 --> 00:00:21,453
THE ICONIC LONDON
TAXI'S HEROIC EXPLOITS
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00:00:21,455 --> 00:00:23,989
DURING THE BLITZ.
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SATELLITE NAVIGATION --
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00:00:25,993 --> 00:00:28,193
HOW A U.S. MILITARY
TOOL POINTS US
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IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
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THE LAVA LAMP --
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A PIECE OF ROCKET-INSPIRED CHIC
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THAT LANDED IN YOUR LIVING ROOM.
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WE REVEAL
THE AMAZING HISTORY
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AND ENGINEERING BEHIND THESE
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INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS.
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00:00:43,077 --> 00:00:46,077
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
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CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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THE BLACK TAXI OF LONDON RANKS
22
00:01:02,963 --> 00:01:04,696
AS ONE OF THE MOST ICONIC IMAGES
23
00:01:04,698 --> 00:01:06,832
OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
24
00:01:06,834 --> 00:01:09,034
GO BACK HALF A CENTURY
OR MORE, HOWEVER,
25
00:01:09,036 --> 00:01:10,702
AND YOU WILL FIND
THAT THE BLACK CAB
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00:01:10,704 --> 00:01:12,770
HAD AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT JOB,
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ONE THAT ISN'T
AS SIMPLE AS TODAY.
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EVERY TAXI OPERATING
ON THE STREETS OF LONDON HAD
29
00:01:19,513 --> 00:01:22,648
TO HAVE A 25-FOOT
TURNING RADIUS.
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00:01:22,650 --> 00:01:25,250
IT'S THIS AGILITY, ALONG WITH
THE SKILL OF THE DRIVERS
31
00:01:25,252 --> 00:01:27,853
IN KNOWING THEIR WAY AROUND
EVERYTHING FROM BUSY TRAFFIC
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00:01:27,855 --> 00:01:29,655
TO BURNING BUILDINGS,
33
00:01:29,657 --> 00:01:31,457
THAT GIVES THE TAXI ITS CHANCE
34
00:01:31,459 --> 00:01:34,259
TO EARN A PLACE
IN WARTIME HISTORY.
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00:01:34,261 --> 00:01:38,397
EARLY IN WORLD WAR II,
LONDON ITSELF IS A TARGET.
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00:01:38,399 --> 00:01:41,599
AS THE GERMAN LUFTWAFFE
DROPS BOMBS OVER THE EAST END,
37
00:01:41,601 --> 00:01:43,268
COUNTLESS FIRES BREAK OUT
38
00:01:43,270 --> 00:01:44,670
THAT THREATEN TO JOIN TOGETHER
39
00:01:44,672 --> 00:01:48,006
TO FORM THE DREADED FIRESTORM.
40
00:01:48,008 --> 00:01:49,875
OVERWHELMED BY THE SHEER NUMBERS
41
00:01:49,877 --> 00:01:51,677
OF SMALL FIRES
BREAKING OUT,
42
00:01:51,679 --> 00:01:54,079
THE LONDON FIRE CREWS
HAVE THEIR HANDS FULL.
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00:01:54,081 --> 00:01:56,215
SO THEY MUST THINK CREATIVELY --
44
00:01:56,217 --> 00:01:58,149
HOW TO GET A SMALL FIRE CREW
45
00:01:58,151 --> 00:02:01,153
TO THE HEART OF THE PROBLEM
WITHOUT VEHICLES TO SPARE.
46
00:02:01,155 --> 00:02:03,688
THE ANSWER IS SIMPLE -- A CAB.
47
00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:06,491
IT WAS TO MAKE GOOD
WITH WHAT YOU'VE GOT.
48
00:02:06,493 --> 00:02:10,229
SO TAXIS, BECAUSE FEWER
AND FEWER PEOPLE WERE,
49
00:02:10,231 --> 00:02:13,499
YOU KNOW, IN CITIES USING THEM
FOR BUSINESS, FOR EXAMPLE,
50
00:02:13,501 --> 00:02:18,503
TAXIS WERE A VERY USEFUL
WAY OF TAKING FIREMAN
51
00:02:18,505 --> 00:02:20,172
BECAUSE THEY CAN TAKE FIVE
OR SIX FIREMEN
52
00:02:20,174 --> 00:02:21,439
IN THE BACK OF THE TAXI.
53
00:02:21,441 --> 00:02:23,374
AND THEY REALLY
DID HELP OUT
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00:02:23,376 --> 00:02:25,177
IN THE BIG FIRES
THAT WERE CREATED
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00:02:25,179 --> 00:02:28,313
IN THE EAST END OF LONDON
DURING THE BLITZ.
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Narrator: TAXI DRIVERS HAD TO
HAVE AN ENCYCLOPEDIC
57
00:02:30,717 --> 00:02:32,517
KNOWLEDGE OF THE ROUTES
AROUND LONDON.
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EVERY BACKSTREET SHORTCUT COULD
SAVE LIVES OR PROPERTY
59
00:02:35,655 --> 00:02:38,056
IN THE TAXI'S RACE
AGAINST TIME.
60
00:02:38,058 --> 00:02:40,525
AND WITH A SMALL
WATER PUMP TOWED BEHIND
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00:02:40,527 --> 00:02:42,127
OR MANHANDLED
INTO THE TRUNK OF THE CAB,
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00:02:42,129 --> 00:02:45,063
THE FIRE CREW CAN FIGHT
THE FLAMES QUICKER
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00:02:45,065 --> 00:02:49,201
THAN A FULL-SIZED
PUMP BUSY ELSEWHERE.
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00:02:49,203 --> 00:02:52,203
SO, THE NEXT TIME YOU HAIL
A CAB IN LONDON,
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00:02:52,205 --> 00:02:53,805
JUST REMEMBER THE DARK PAST
66
00:02:53,807 --> 00:02:56,874
THAT THEY'VE ENDURED
AND LEAVE A GENEROUS TIP.
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00:02:56,876 --> 00:02:59,011
THE LONDON TAXI COMPANY
HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED
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00:02:59,013 --> 00:03:00,345
FOR MORE THAN 60 YEARS,
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00:03:00,347 --> 00:03:03,414
SUPPLYING CAR BODYWORK
TO MANY CAR MANUFACTURERS
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AS WELL AS
THE QUEEN HERSELF.
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00:03:11,692 --> 00:03:13,758
TODAY'S LONDON TAXIS BEGIN LIFE
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00:03:13,760 --> 00:03:17,196
AS GRAY SHELLS OF BODIES
SENT OVER FROM SHANGHAI, CHINA.
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00:03:19,633 --> 00:03:22,034
ON ARRIVAL, THESE SHELLS
ARE PLACED UNDER A GREEN LIGHT
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00:03:22,036 --> 00:03:23,769
AND CAREFULLY SCRUTINIZED
TO CHECK
75
00:03:23,771 --> 00:03:25,436
FOR ANY SMALL BUMPS OR SCRAPES
76
00:03:25,438 --> 00:03:29,775
THEY MAY HAVE PICKED UP
ON THEIR LONG JOURNEY OVERSEAS.
77
00:03:29,777 --> 00:03:32,644
ONCE THOROUGHLY INSPECTED,
IT'S TIME TO COAT THE BODIES
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00:03:32,646 --> 00:03:34,980
IN THEIR TRADEMARK BLACK PAINT,
79
00:03:34,982 --> 00:03:36,715
AS WELL AS ANY ONE
OF THE MANY COLOR
80
00:03:36,717 --> 00:03:38,650
OPTIONS AVAILABLE
TO CUSTOMERS.
81
00:03:38,652 --> 00:03:42,054
THE BODIES ARE THEN DRIED
AND POLISHED TO A SLICK SHEEN.
82
00:03:42,056 --> 00:03:44,923
THE FRESHLY POLISHED
AND PAINTED SHELL
83
00:03:44,925 --> 00:03:46,658
IS THEN LIFTED ONTO
THE CONVEYOR BELT
84
00:03:46,660 --> 00:03:50,595
TO BEGIN THE PRE-MOUNT PROCESS.
85
00:03:50,597 --> 00:03:52,597
DURING THIS PRE-MOUNT STAGE,
86
00:03:52,599 --> 00:03:53,798
THE ENGINEERS WILL FIT MANY
87
00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:56,134
OF THE COMPLICATED
INTERNAL COMPONENTS,
88
00:03:56,136 --> 00:03:57,736
INCLUDING THE DOOR-LOCKING
SYSTEM,
89
00:03:57,738 --> 00:04:00,005
THE HEATER UNIT,
THE ELECTRONICS,
90
00:04:00,007 --> 00:04:02,074
THE HIGH-MOUNTED
REAR BRAKE LIGHTS,
91
00:04:02,076 --> 00:04:03,342
RADIO, AND MICROPHONES
92
00:04:03,344 --> 00:04:05,811
BEFORE THE WINDOWS ARE FITTED.
93
00:04:10,818 --> 00:04:13,084
LONDON'S TAXIS CAN SOMETIMES
BE ON THE ROAD
94
00:04:13,086 --> 00:04:14,819
FOR 24 HOURS
AT A TIME,
95
00:04:14,821 --> 00:04:16,287
SO ONE OF THE KEY REQUIREMENTS
96
00:04:16,289 --> 00:04:19,490
IS THAT THEY'RE
STRONG AND DURABLE.
97
00:04:19,492 --> 00:04:21,893
Johansen: WELL, WHAT WE CALL
THE TAXI DUTY CYCLE
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00:04:21,895 --> 00:04:24,363
IS THE MOST ARDUOUS
ONE OF ANY MOTOR VEHICLE.
99
00:04:24,365 --> 00:04:26,231
IT'S HARDER THAN BUSES OR TRUCKS
100
00:04:26,233 --> 00:04:28,233
OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT
BECAUSE TAXIS,
101
00:04:28,235 --> 00:04:30,835
BY AND LARGE, WORK IN CONGESTED
URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
102
00:04:30,837 --> 00:04:32,637
WITH A LOT OF STOP-START.
103
00:04:32,639 --> 00:04:35,707
AND THAT PUTS A LOT OF WEAR
AND TEAR ON THE ENGINE
104
00:04:35,709 --> 00:04:37,909
AND THE COMPONENTS THERE.
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00:04:37,911 --> 00:04:39,177
Narrator:
WHILE THE BODY OF THE CAR
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00:04:39,179 --> 00:04:40,912
IS BEING PREPARED ON
ONE PRODUCTION LINE,
107
00:04:40,914 --> 00:04:42,847
THE CHASSIS IS ALSO
BEING PREPARED
108
00:04:42,849 --> 00:04:44,850
SIMULTANEOUSLY ON ANOTHER.
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00:04:47,187 --> 00:04:48,453
THE CHASSIS LINE BEGINS
110
00:04:48,455 --> 00:04:50,322
WITH THE REAR AXLE
DRESSING PROCESS.
111
00:04:50,324 --> 00:04:52,457
THE REAR AXLE
AND FRONT SUSPENSION
112
00:04:52,459 --> 00:04:55,060
OR BEAM ARE MADE IN CHINA
AND DELIVERED TRACKSIDE
113
00:04:55,062 --> 00:04:58,263
BEFORE BEING FITTED
BY THE OPERATOR...
114
00:04:58,265 --> 00:05:00,365
ALONG WITH
THE REAR WHEEL SENSORS,
115
00:05:00,367 --> 00:05:01,800
BRAKE LINES,
116
00:05:01,802 --> 00:05:04,002
POWER STEERING HOSES,
AND PIPEWORK.
117
00:05:04,004 --> 00:05:06,671
THE CHASSIS FRAME
IS ALSO PREPARED BY
118
00:05:06,673 --> 00:05:09,140
INSTALLING THE STEERING BOX,
ANTI-ROLL BARS,
119
00:05:09,142 --> 00:05:11,943
THE HAND BRAKE CABLE,
AND THE STEERING RODS.
120
00:05:11,945 --> 00:05:15,813
THE ENGINE IS MADE
IN ITALY BY VM MOTOR
121
00:05:15,815 --> 00:05:17,882
BEFORE BEING SHIPPED TO
THE LONDON TAXI COMPANY
122
00:05:17,884 --> 00:05:20,352
TO BE FITTED.
123
00:05:24,624 --> 00:05:26,958
ALONG WITH THE SUSPENSION,
ENGINE, GEARBOX,
124
00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:28,493
REAR AXLE, AND EXHAUST SYSTEM,
125
00:05:28,495 --> 00:05:30,695
THESE ARE ALL COUPLED
AND ASSEMBLED
126
00:05:30,697 --> 00:05:33,965
TO COMPLETE WHAT IS NOW
THE ROLLING CHASSIS OF THE TAXI,
127
00:05:33,967 --> 00:05:38,503
BEFORE FINALLY
ADDING THE WHEELS.
128
00:05:38,505 --> 00:05:41,039
EVERYTHING'S HAND-BUILT.
EVERYTHING'S HAND-PAINTED.
129
00:05:41,041 --> 00:05:42,440
SO EVERYBODY'S TOUCHING,
130
00:05:42,442 --> 00:05:45,777
FEELING THE VEHICLE ALL
THROUGH THE PROCESS,
131
00:05:45,779 --> 00:05:47,913
RIGHT TILL THEY'RE
PASSED TO SALES.
132
00:05:47,915 --> 00:05:50,115
MOST VEHICLES, YOU KNOW,
FROM START TO FINISH,
133
00:05:50,117 --> 00:05:51,583
IF WE STARTED ON A MONDAY,
134
00:05:51,585 --> 00:05:53,651
WE'D BE HAPPY IF THAT WAS
GOING ON ITS WAY
135
00:05:53,653 --> 00:05:55,052
TO A CUSTOMER ON THE FRIDAY.
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00:05:55,054 --> 00:05:56,388
Narrator:
NOW THAT THE TAXI'S BODY
137
00:05:56,390 --> 00:05:58,056
AND THE CHASSIS
HAVE BEEN PREPARED,
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00:05:58,058 --> 00:05:59,857
IT'S TIME TO BRING
THE TWO TOGETHER
139
00:05:59,859 --> 00:06:01,192
IN WHAT IS AFFECTIONATELY KNOWN
140
00:06:01,194 --> 00:06:05,797
AS THE MARRIAGE OF THE CARRIAGE.
141
00:06:05,799 --> 00:06:10,134
THE BODY IS LIFTED AND CAREFULLY
CARRIED OVER TO THE CHASSIS.
142
00:06:10,136 --> 00:06:12,604
IT IS THEN LOWERED ONTO IT,
ALL UNDER THE WATCHFUL
143
00:06:12,606 --> 00:06:15,940
EYES OF THE EXPERT
MECHANICS AND ENGINEERS.
144
00:06:15,942 --> 00:06:19,478
THE BODY IS GUIDED INTO POSITION
BY SIX LOCATION PINS,
145
00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:23,348
WHICH ALIGN THE BODY WITH THE
CHASSIS FRAME OUTRIGGER POINTS.
146
00:06:23,350 --> 00:06:25,951
THIS IS WHERE THE BODY
IS BOLTED DOWN TO THE FRAME
147
00:06:25,953 --> 00:06:28,353
BY 12 FIXING POINTS.
148
00:06:28,355 --> 00:06:30,622
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
FROM THE POWER TRAIN
149
00:06:30,624 --> 00:06:33,391
TO THE VEHICLE MAIN HARNESS
CAN NOW BE MADE.
150
00:06:33,393 --> 00:06:34,893
THE FUEL TANK
IS THEN CONNECTED
151
00:06:34,895 --> 00:06:37,362
TO THE FUEL PIPE
AND FILLER NECK.
152
00:06:37,364 --> 00:06:41,232
ENGINE HOSES AND PIPEWORK
ARE ALSO CONNECTED.
153
00:06:41,234 --> 00:06:42,968
ONCE COMPLETED,
THE BODY AND CHASSIS
154
00:06:42,970 --> 00:06:45,237
ARE PUSHED ONTO THE MOUNT LINE.
155
00:06:45,239 --> 00:06:47,973
HERE, IT BEGINS TO
BECOME MORE RECOGNIZABLE
156
00:06:47,975 --> 00:06:51,309
AS THE ICONIC LONDON TAXI.
157
00:06:51,311 --> 00:06:54,112
ON THE MOUNT LINE, THE REAR
CENTER DIVISION IS FITTED.
158
00:06:54,114 --> 00:06:57,048
THE SEATS AND SEAT BELTS
ARE ALSO FITTED HERE
159
00:06:57,050 --> 00:07:01,586
AS PART OF THE FULL COMPLETION
OF THE INTERIOR OF THE CAB.
160
00:07:01,588 --> 00:07:03,522
THE EXTERIOR SIDE
AND FRONT PANELS
161
00:07:03,524 --> 00:07:05,791
OF THE CAB CAN NOW BE ADDED.
162
00:07:05,793 --> 00:07:07,925
THESE ARE DESIGNED
TO BE EASILY REPLACEABLE
163
00:07:07,927 --> 00:07:09,461
IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE
THE TIME THE CAB
164
00:07:09,463 --> 00:07:13,598
IS OFF THE ROAD IN CASE
OF ACCIDENTS AND DAMAGE.
165
00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:15,933
THE FINAL COMPONENTS
ARE FITTED TO THE ENGINE BAY.
166
00:07:15,935 --> 00:07:17,736
AND AFTER ONE LAST INSPECTION,
167
00:07:17,738 --> 00:07:19,871
THE CAB IS WASHED, WAXED,
168
00:07:19,873 --> 00:07:23,007
POLISHED, AND READY
TO HIT THE STREETS.
169
00:07:23,009 --> 00:07:25,277
TAXI DRIVERS MAY NOT
NEED HELP WITH DIRECTIONS,
170
00:07:25,279 --> 00:07:27,746
BUT SOME OF US RELY
ON APPS AND DEVICES
171
00:07:27,748 --> 00:07:29,347
TO GET US FROM
POINT "A" TO POINT "B."
172
00:07:29,349 --> 00:07:31,817
FIND OUT HOW THEY WORK
WHEN WE COME BACK.
173
00:07:44,298 --> 00:07:46,097
Narrator: GETTING LOST ON
A STRANGE ROAD
174
00:07:46,099 --> 00:07:49,034
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT
IS NOT ANYONE'S IDEA OF FUN.
175
00:07:49,036 --> 00:07:52,437
BEING ABLE TO TELL WHERE
WE'RE GOING IS ESSENTIAL
176
00:07:52,439 --> 00:07:54,639
AND NOT JUST FOR
THE EVERYDAY DRIVER.
177
00:07:54,641 --> 00:07:57,042
IT IS PARTICULARLY
IMPORTANT FOR A SOLDIER
178
00:07:57,044 --> 00:08:00,579
IN THE MIDDLE OF A HOSTILE LAND
WITH LOW VISIBILITY.
179
00:08:00,581 --> 00:08:04,416
IN THOSE SITUATIONS, GETTING
LOST CAN BE A DEATH SENTENCE.
180
00:08:06,319 --> 00:08:08,186
IT'S THE U.S. MILITARY
WHO DEVELOPED
181
00:08:08,188 --> 00:08:10,589
AN EXTREMELY
EFFECTIVE LOCATION SYSTEM
182
00:08:10,591 --> 00:08:13,324
THAT TODAY NOT ONLY ALLOWS
SOLDIERS TO EVADE THE ENEMY,
183
00:08:13,326 --> 00:08:16,327
BUT ALSO ALLOWS US TO FIND
OUR FAVORITE COFFEE SHOP --
184
00:08:16,329 --> 00:08:17,863
SATELLITE NAVIGATION.
185
00:08:17,865 --> 00:08:20,732
THIS INCREDIBLE
TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS US
186
00:08:20,734 --> 00:08:22,600
TO PINPOINT OUR EXACT LOCATION
187
00:08:22,602 --> 00:08:26,204
ON OUR PORTABLE
ELECTRONIC DEVICES,
188
00:08:26,206 --> 00:08:29,007
THEY ALLOW US TO PLAN A JOURNEY
189
00:08:29,009 --> 00:08:31,609
TO FIND A PARTICULAR PLACE
OR BUSINESS,
190
00:08:31,611 --> 00:08:33,612
AND EVEN TO BE ABLE
TO LOCATE FRIENDS
191
00:08:33,614 --> 00:08:35,379
AND FAMILY MEMBERS.
192
00:08:35,381 --> 00:08:37,082
NOT TOO LONG AGO,
THIS TECHNOLOGY
193
00:08:37,084 --> 00:08:39,751
WAS THE STUFF OF SCIENCE FICTION
AND SPY MOVIES.
194
00:08:39,753 --> 00:08:41,352
BUT TODAY, IT HAS BECOME
195
00:08:41,354 --> 00:08:44,022
A COMMON PART
OF OUR EVERYDAY LIVES.
196
00:08:44,024 --> 00:08:46,291
Halliday:
NOT JUST IN PHONE TECHNOLOGY,
197
00:08:46,293 --> 00:08:50,428
BUT ALSO IT'S BECAUSE IT CAN
TRACK PEOPLE OR ANIMALS,
198
00:08:50,430 --> 00:08:53,598
IT'S VERY USEFUL FOR A WHOLE
RANGE OF OTHER ACTIVITIES.
199
00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:57,302
I MEAN, CERTAINLY THE ELECTRONIC
TAGS FOR CRIMINALS,
200
00:08:57,304 --> 00:08:59,838
BUT ALSO,
IN THE CONSERVATION ERA,
201
00:08:59,840 --> 00:09:02,574
PEOPLE WANT TO KNOW
WHERE ANIMALS ARE MIGRATING TO,
202
00:09:02,576 --> 00:09:04,175
WHETHER IT'S POLAR BEARS --
203
00:09:04,177 --> 00:09:06,778
I MEAN, A LOT OF RESEARCH HAS
HAPPENED RECENTLY ON POLAR BEARS
204
00:09:06,780 --> 00:09:09,113
AND WHERE THEY'RE MOVING
AND THE FACT THAT THE ICE FLOES
205
00:09:09,115 --> 00:09:10,515
ARE ALL REDUCING,
ET CETERA.
206
00:09:10,517 --> 00:09:12,517
A LOT OF THAT IS DOWN
TO A GPS CHIP,
207
00:09:12,519 --> 00:09:14,185
WHICH ARE FITTED, WHICH ARE
UPDATING THEIR POSITION
208
00:09:14,187 --> 00:09:15,987
SO THEY DON'T GET LOST.
209
00:09:15,989 --> 00:09:18,657
Narrator: BUT HOW DOES THIS
TECHNOLOGY ACTUALLY WORK?
210
00:09:18,659 --> 00:09:21,593
SATNAV WORKS USING
A SYSTEM OF SATELLITES
211
00:09:21,595 --> 00:09:24,262
THAT PROVIDE AUTONOMOUS
GEOSPATIAL POSITIONING
212
00:09:24,264 --> 00:09:25,597
WITH A GLOBAL COVERAGE.
213
00:09:25,599 --> 00:09:30,201
IT LITERALLY IS
SATELLITE NAVIGATION.
214
00:09:30,203 --> 00:09:33,004
THE GLOBAL
POSITIONING SYSTEM, OR GPS,
215
00:09:33,006 --> 00:09:35,940
IS THE MOST USED SPACE-BASED
SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM.
216
00:09:35,942 --> 00:09:38,543
IT WAS DESIGNED INITIALLY
FOR MILITARY USE
217
00:09:38,545 --> 00:09:39,944
AT THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD WAR
218
00:09:39,946 --> 00:09:43,681
AND INSPIRED BY
THE SOVIET SPACECRAFT SPUTNIK.
219
00:09:43,683 --> 00:09:46,151
GPS HAS GRADUALLY
GROWN IN SIZE,
220
00:09:46,153 --> 00:09:47,885
WITH MORE SATELLITES BEING USED,
221
00:09:47,887 --> 00:09:51,089
GIVING THE MILITARY EVEN MORE
ACCURATE GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
222
00:09:51,091 --> 00:09:53,024
THAT ALLOWS THEM
TO PINPOINT BOTH THEIR OWN
223
00:09:53,026 --> 00:09:55,693
AND ALSO AN ENEMY'S
EXACT POSITION.
224
00:09:55,695 --> 00:09:58,496
THERE ARE THREE PARTS
TO THE NAVSTAR GPS SYSTEM --
225
00:09:58,498 --> 00:10:00,364
THE NETWORK OF SATELLITES,
226
00:10:00,366 --> 00:10:02,767
A CONTROL STATION ON EARTH
THAT MANAGES THE SATELLITES,
227
00:10:02,769 --> 00:10:04,769
AND YOUR RECEIVING DEVICE.
228
00:10:04,771 --> 00:10:07,572
THERE ARE 24 NAVSTAR SATELLITES,
229
00:10:07,574 --> 00:10:09,374
AND EACH ONE IS
CONSTANTLY BEAMING OUT
230
00:10:09,376 --> 00:10:12,109
A RADIO WAVE SIGNAL
TOWARDS EARTH.
231
00:10:12,111 --> 00:10:15,914
AND YOUR RECEIVER LISTENS
OUT FOR THESE SIGNALS.
232
00:10:15,916 --> 00:10:17,748
EACH SIGNAL TRAVELS
AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT
233
00:10:17,750 --> 00:10:20,452
AND CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT
WHICH SATELLITE IT CAME FROM
234
00:10:20,454 --> 00:10:24,055
AND THE PRECISE TIME
THAT IT WAS SENT.
235
00:10:24,057 --> 00:10:26,324
BECAUSE THESE SIGNALS TRAVEL
AT THE SPEED OF THE LIGHT
236
00:10:26,326 --> 00:10:28,259
AND THE SATELLITES ARE
IN KNOWN POSITIONS,
237
00:10:28,261 --> 00:10:30,128
YOUR RECEIVER CAN USE
THIS INFORMATION
238
00:10:30,130 --> 00:10:32,197
TO PINPOINT ITS POSITION.
239
00:10:32,199 --> 00:10:34,065
SO, HOW DOES THE NETWORK
240
00:10:34,067 --> 00:10:36,668
OF SATELLITES PLOT
YOUR EXACT LOCATION?
241
00:10:36,670 --> 00:10:39,003
USUALLY, YOUR GPS DEVICE
WOULD NEED TO BE ABLE
242
00:10:39,005 --> 00:10:40,805
TO PICK UP
FOUR SATELLITE SIGNALS
243
00:10:40,807 --> 00:10:44,342
AS A MINIMUM TO GIVE YOU
AN ACCURATE POSITION.
244
00:10:44,344 --> 00:10:46,811
LET'S COLOR-CODE OUR FOUR
SATELLITES IN RANGE --
245
00:10:46,813 --> 00:10:50,081
RED, GREEN,
BLUE, AND YELLOW.
246
00:10:50,083 --> 00:10:51,615
IF YOUR DEVICE
IS PICKING UP A SIGNAL
247
00:10:51,617 --> 00:10:53,151
FROM THE RED SATELLITE,
248
00:10:53,153 --> 00:10:54,686
THEN WE KNOW ROUGHLY
WHERE YOU ARE,
249
00:10:54,688 --> 00:10:56,287
BUT WE DO MEAN ROUGHLY.
250
00:10:56,289 --> 00:10:58,756
IF YOU ARE PICKING UP
THE GREEN SATELLITE SIGNAL,
251
00:10:58,758 --> 00:11:01,025
THEN YOUR POSITION
CAN BE NARROWED DOWN,
252
00:11:01,027 --> 00:11:03,627
BUT THERE IS STILL
A FAIR DEGREE OF ERROR.
253
00:11:03,629 --> 00:11:05,830
ADD IN BLUE, AND WHERE
THESE SIGNALS INTERSECT
254
00:11:05,832 --> 00:11:09,434
GIVES YOUR ACCURATE POSITION.
255
00:11:09,436 --> 00:11:11,635
FINALLY, IF YOUR ELEVATION
IS NEEDED,
256
00:11:11,637 --> 00:11:13,304
THE YELLOW SIGNAL
WILL TRIANGULATE
257
00:11:13,306 --> 00:11:15,874
WITH THE OTHER SATELLITES
TO PROVIDE THAT INFORMATION.
258
00:11:17,711 --> 00:11:20,845
WITH SO MUCH WIDESPREAD USAGE
AND SUCH RELIABILITY,
259
00:11:20,847 --> 00:11:23,515
THE SATNAV IS DEFINITELY
STAYING WITH US.
260
00:11:23,517 --> 00:11:25,850
FOR THAT AND FOR ITS
VERY BRIGHT FUTURE,
261
00:11:25,852 --> 00:11:28,252
THE SATNAV IS ONE
OF OUR FAVORITE
262
00:11:28,254 --> 00:11:31,790
INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS.
263
00:11:31,792 --> 00:11:33,925
DO YOU KNOW HOW TO
FIND YOUR WAY HOME
264
00:11:33,927 --> 00:11:36,460
WITHOUT USING GPS TECHNOLOGY?
NO?
265
00:11:36,462 --> 00:11:39,397
WELL, WE'LL SHOW YOU
HOW WHEN WE RETURN.
266
00:11:54,614 --> 00:11:58,083
Narrator: WE'VE SEEN THAT MODERN
GPS TECHNOLOGY
267
00:11:58,085 --> 00:11:59,417
IS SIMPLE TO USE,
268
00:11:59,419 --> 00:12:02,554
POWERFUL, AND GETS US
WHERE WE WANT TO GO FAST.
269
00:12:02,556 --> 00:12:05,890
BUT WHAT IF WE HAVEN'T
GOT OUR GPS ON HAND
270
00:12:05,892 --> 00:12:07,958
AND WE'RE STUCK
IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE,
271
00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:10,227
THEN WHAT?
NEVER FEAR.
272
00:12:10,229 --> 00:12:12,030
OUR INTREPID TESTER
IS GOING TO SHOW YOU
273
00:12:12,032 --> 00:12:15,166
HOW TO NAVIGATE
THE OLD-SCHOOL WAY.
274
00:12:15,168 --> 00:12:17,702
FIRST OFF, IF YOU'RE ORGANIZED,
275
00:12:17,704 --> 00:12:21,573
THEN YOU WILL HAVE A MAP
AND COMPASS ON HAND.
276
00:12:21,575 --> 00:12:24,442
FIND YOUR POSITION AND NAVIGATE
YOUR WAY OUT OF TROUBLE.
277
00:12:24,444 --> 00:12:26,243
JUST MAKE SURE
YOU TAKE YOUR TIME
278
00:12:26,245 --> 00:12:28,646
TO ACCURATELY WORK OUT
THE SURROUNDING FEATURES,
279
00:12:28,648 --> 00:12:30,114
BECAUSE A MISTAKE WILL MEAN
280
00:12:30,116 --> 00:12:33,785
YOU MIGHT HAVE
TO RETRACE YOUR STEPS.
281
00:12:33,787 --> 00:12:36,921
BUT WHAT IF YOU HAVE
NO COMPASS AND NO MAP?
282
00:12:36,923 --> 00:12:39,324
WHAT IF YOU FIND YOURSELF
IN A FEATURELESS TERRAIN?
283
00:12:39,326 --> 00:12:42,994
DON'T PANIC.
LET'S FIND NORTH.
284
00:12:42,996 --> 00:12:45,864
HAVE YOU GOT A WRISTWATCH?
285
00:12:45,866 --> 00:12:49,400
FIRST OF ALL, DO WE KNOW
WHICH HEMISPHERE WE ARE IN?
286
00:12:49,402 --> 00:12:51,536
THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, RIGHT.
287
00:12:51,538 --> 00:12:53,938
THEN POINT THE HOUR
HAND AT THE SUN.
288
00:12:53,940 --> 00:12:55,206
SOUTH WILL BE HALFWAY
289
00:12:55,208 --> 00:12:57,408
BETWEEN THE HOUR HAND
AND 12 O'CLOCK.
290
00:12:57,410 --> 00:13:00,211
SO IF WE FACE
THAT SOUTHERLY DIRECTION,
291
00:13:00,213 --> 00:13:01,613
WE KNOW THAT NORTH
IS BEHIND US,
292
00:13:01,615 --> 00:13:05,616
AND EAST IS TO OUR LEFT,
AND WEST IS TO OUR RIGHT.
293
00:13:05,618 --> 00:13:07,418
ONCE WE HAVE ESTABLISHED
OUR COMPASS POINTS,
294
00:13:07,420 --> 00:13:08,887
WE CAN THEN DECIDE
WHICH WAY WE NEED
295
00:13:08,889 --> 00:13:11,222
TO WALK TO GET TO SAFETY.
296
00:13:11,224 --> 00:13:13,490
AND IF YOU FIND YOURSELF
IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE,
297
00:13:13,492 --> 00:13:15,293
THEN YOU CAN USE
THE EXACT SAME METHOD,
298
00:13:15,295 --> 00:13:18,763
BUT YOU'LL BE FACING
NORTH RATHER THAN SOUTH.
299
00:13:18,765 --> 00:13:22,366
BUT WHAT IF YOU HAVE
A DIGITAL WATCH OR NONE AT ALL?
300
00:13:22,368 --> 00:13:23,767
FEAR NOT.
301
00:13:23,769 --> 00:13:28,106
CAN YOU FIND A STICK OR A LONG,
THIN, STRAIGHT OBJECT?
302
00:13:28,108 --> 00:13:29,707
PUSH THE STICK INTO THE GROUND
303
00:13:29,709 --> 00:13:31,309
AND PLACE A ROCK OR OBJECT
304
00:13:31,311 --> 00:13:33,911
AT THE TOP OF THE SHADOW
THAT IT CASTS.
305
00:13:33,913 --> 00:13:35,713
WAIT 15 MINUTES,
THEN YOU WILL NOTICE
306
00:13:35,715 --> 00:13:38,316
THAT THE SHADOW HAS MOVED.
307
00:13:38,318 --> 00:13:40,518
NOW MARK THE NEW POSITION.
308
00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:41,653
BECAUSE THE SUN RISES
309
00:13:41,655 --> 00:13:43,254
IN THE EAST
AND SETS IN THE WEST,
310
00:13:43,256 --> 00:13:45,789
THE FIRST POSITION
IS YOUR WEST POINT
311
00:13:45,791 --> 00:13:48,259
AND THE SECOND IS YOUR EAST.
312
00:13:48,261 --> 00:13:51,195
IF YOU DRAW A STRAIGHT LINE
BETWEEN THE TWO POINTS
313
00:13:51,197 --> 00:13:53,064
AND ANOTHER LINE
THAT BISECTS THE FIRST,
314
00:13:53,066 --> 00:13:57,602
THEN YOU'LL HAVE CREATED
A NORTH-SOUTH, EAST-WEST AXIS.
315
00:13:57,604 --> 00:14:00,538
YOU CAN NOW START TO MOVE
IN THE DIRECTION YOU NEED.
316
00:14:04,010 --> 00:14:06,878
THE 1960s, THE DECADE
THAT IMMEDIATELY
317
00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:08,813
CONJURES UP IMAGES
OF BRIGHT COLOR,
318
00:14:08,815 --> 00:14:10,081
FLOWER POWER,
319
00:14:10,083 --> 00:14:12,550
FASHION INNOVATIONS,
AND FREEDOM.
320
00:14:12,552 --> 00:14:15,019
IT'S ALSO A TIME
OF GREAT CONFLICTS
321
00:14:15,021 --> 00:14:18,823
AND A TIME WHEN THE SUPERPOWERS
LOOKED TOWARDS THE STARS.
322
00:14:18,825 --> 00:14:21,826
YES, THE SPACE RACE
IS IN FULL SWING
323
00:14:21,828 --> 00:14:23,695
WITH THE SOVIET UNION
AND UNITED STATES
324
00:14:23,697 --> 00:14:26,831
FOCUSING THEIR RESOURCES
INTO THE DREAM OF THE TIME,
325
00:14:26,833 --> 00:14:29,233
TO LAND A MAN ON THE MOON.
326
00:14:29,235 --> 00:14:32,770
TELEVISION SCREENS ARE FILLED
WITH IMAGES OF PLANETS,
327
00:14:32,772 --> 00:14:34,972
SATELLITES, SPACE SUITS,
AND ROCKETS.
328
00:14:34,974 --> 00:14:37,574
IT'S NO SURPRISE
THAT THE SPACE RACE
329
00:14:37,576 --> 00:14:39,310
EVENTUALLY INFLUENCES DESIGN
330
00:14:39,312 --> 00:14:41,512
AND FASHION ACROSS THE WORLD.
331
00:14:41,514 --> 00:14:44,715
THE ROCKET SHIP HAD BECOME
AN ICON OF A GENERATION,
332
00:14:44,717 --> 00:14:47,118
AND A WHOLE NEW
ONE WAS BORN WITH IT.
333
00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:49,853
ENTER THE LAVA LAMP.
334
00:14:49,855 --> 00:14:52,656
PICTURE ANY CLASSIC
1960s HOUSEHOLD,
335
00:14:52,658 --> 00:14:54,058
AND THERE'S PROBABLY
A LAVA LAMP
336
00:14:54,060 --> 00:14:55,927
SITTING THERE SOMEWHERE.
337
00:14:55,929 --> 00:14:59,464
BUT WHO DREAMED UP THESE ICONIC
ORNAMENTS IN THE FIRST PLACE?
338
00:14:59,466 --> 00:15:02,734
BRITISH INVENTOR AND ECCENTRIC
EDWARD CRAVEN WALKER
339
00:15:02,736 --> 00:15:04,401
COMES UP WITH THE LAVA LAMP IDEA
340
00:15:04,403 --> 00:15:06,136
WHILE SITTING IN HIS LOCAL PUB
341
00:15:06,138 --> 00:15:11,342
WATCHING A NEWLY DESIGNED EGG
TIMER BUBBLE AWAY ON THE STOVE.
342
00:15:11,344 --> 00:15:12,877
Granger: HE'D SPENT YEARS
343
00:15:12,879 --> 00:15:15,279
FORMULATING
THIS EGG TIMER INTO A LAMP.
344
00:15:15,281 --> 00:15:18,683
AND THEN, HE EVENTUALLY WORKED
OUT HOW TO MAKE IT HAPPEN.
345
00:15:18,685 --> 00:15:21,552
HE LAUNCHED IT
IN 1963 HERE IN POOLE.
346
00:15:21,554 --> 00:15:25,289
HE HAD A LITTLE
VAN CALLED SMOKEY
347
00:15:25,291 --> 00:15:28,359
WITH A PICTURE
OF AN ASTRO ON THE SIDE,
348
00:15:28,361 --> 00:15:31,562
AND THEY USED TO DRIVE AROUND
THE COUNTRY SELLING LAVA LAMPS
349
00:15:31,564 --> 00:15:34,131
FROM THE BACK OF THIS VAN.
BUT THEY DID WELL.
350
00:15:34,133 --> 00:15:36,834
THEY MANAGED TO GET THEM
INTO SELFRIDGES AND HABITAT
351
00:15:36,836 --> 00:15:38,302
AND ALL SORTS OF PLACES,
352
00:15:38,304 --> 00:15:41,639
SO IT MUST HAVE BEEN QUITE FUN
IN THOSE EARLY DAYS.
353
00:15:41,641 --> 00:15:44,441
Narrator: HOW IS THE ICONIC
LAVA LAMP MADE?
354
00:15:44,443 --> 00:15:47,245
A MANUFACTURER SHOWS US
WHEN WE RETURN.
355
00:15:59,059 --> 00:16:02,260
Narrator: AFTER TRAVELING AROUND
ENGLAND IN HIS VAN NAMED SMOKEY,
356
00:16:02,262 --> 00:16:04,795
EDWARD CRAVEN WALKER
FINDS GREAT SUCCESS
357
00:16:04,797 --> 00:16:08,465
IN GETTING THE WORD OUT
ABOUT HIS GROOVY NEW IDEA.
358
00:16:08,467 --> 00:16:10,668
IT'S THEN THAT THE MATHMOS LAMPS
IS FOUNDED
359
00:16:10,670 --> 00:16:15,406
AND BEGINS PRODUCING
THE NOW WORLD-FAMOUS ASTRO LAMP.
360
00:16:15,408 --> 00:16:18,076
THE SCIENCE BEHIND THIS ICONIC
INVENTION IS QUITE SIMPLE,
361
00:16:18,078 --> 00:16:21,479
BUT NO LESS AMAZING.
362
00:16:21,481 --> 00:16:24,281
INSIDE THE LAMP
ARE BLOBS OF WAX WHICH,
363
00:16:24,283 --> 00:16:25,950
WHEN HEATED BY
THE INCANDESCENT BULB,
364
00:16:25,952 --> 00:16:27,551
CHANGES IN DENSITY,
365
00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:30,555
MAKING THE WAX RISE
AND FALL IN THICK GLOBULES,
366
00:16:30,557 --> 00:16:32,423
GIVING THE IMPRESSION OF LAVA.
367
00:16:32,425 --> 00:16:35,359
FAST-FORWARD TO TODAY
AND THE LAVA LAMP
368
00:16:35,361 --> 00:16:36,961
IS STILL AS POPULAR AS EVER.
369
00:16:36,963 --> 00:16:40,565
AND ITS MANUFACTURE
PROCESS IS JUST AS GROOVY.
370
00:16:43,102 --> 00:16:45,035
THE BASE AND CAP
FOR THE LAVA LAMP
371
00:16:45,037 --> 00:16:46,504
ARE MADE FROM SPUN ALUMINUM
372
00:16:46,506 --> 00:16:50,774
AT THE NEWTEC SPINNING
FACILITY IN DEVON, ENGLAND.
373
00:16:50,776 --> 00:16:53,311
COMBINING CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY AND MANUFACTURING
374
00:16:53,313 --> 00:16:55,112
TECHNIQUES WITH
TRADITIONAL METHODS,
375
00:16:55,114 --> 00:16:57,648
THE FULLY-AUTOMATED
METAL-SPINNING ROBOTS
376
00:16:57,650 --> 00:16:58,916
ARE ABLE TO PRODUCE THE BASE
377
00:16:58,918 --> 00:17:01,919
AND CAPS FOR THE LAVA LAMPS
WITH SPEED AND PRECISION.
378
00:17:01,921 --> 00:17:05,056
THIS MEANS THAT THEY WILL
BE EXACTLY THE RIGHT FIT
379
00:17:05,058 --> 00:17:06,724
WHEN COMBINED WITH
THE GLASS BOTTLES
380
00:17:06,726 --> 00:17:10,995
THAT GIVE THE LAVA LAMPS
THEIR FAMOUS ROCKET SHIP LOOK.
381
00:17:10,997 --> 00:17:14,598
ONCE THE ALUMINUM IS SPUN
TO THE CORRECT SHAPE AND SIZE,
382
00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:16,667
THEY'RE POLISHED
AND THEN SUB-ASSEMBLED
383
00:17:16,669 --> 00:17:18,736
WITH A CORD SET AND BULB,
384
00:17:18,738 --> 00:17:22,406
READY TO BE MATCHED UP
WITH THE GLASS BOTTLES.
385
00:17:22,408 --> 00:17:23,808
THE CRYSTAL-CLEAR BOTTLES
386
00:17:23,810 --> 00:17:26,277
ARE PRODUCED AT THE STOLZLE
FLACONNAGE GLASS FACTORY
387
00:17:26,279 --> 00:17:27,945
IN WEST YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND.
388
00:17:27,947 --> 00:17:30,147
WITH OVER A CENTURY
OF EXPERIENCE BEHIND IT,
389
00:17:30,149 --> 00:17:31,949
THE FACTORY HAS
BECOME A STATE-OF-THE-ART
390
00:17:31,951 --> 00:17:33,551
GLASS PRODUCTION FACILITY.
391
00:17:33,553 --> 00:17:35,085
THE BOTTLES FOR THE LAVA LAMPS
392
00:17:35,087 --> 00:17:37,955
ARE MADE ON A FULLY-AUTOMATED
PRODUCTION LINE.
393
00:17:37,957 --> 00:17:39,357
GLASS IS MADE HERE BY HEATING
394
00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:41,892
AND COMBINING SEVERAL NATURAL
RAW MATERIALS,
395
00:17:41,894 --> 00:17:44,695
THE MAIN INGREDIENT
BEING SILICA SAND.
396
00:17:44,697 --> 00:17:47,098
THESE ARE THEN
COMBINED AND HEATED
397
00:17:47,100 --> 00:17:49,300
TO EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURES
IN A FURNACE
398
00:17:49,302 --> 00:17:53,237
THAT CAN REACH UPWARDS
OF 3,000 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
399
00:17:53,239 --> 00:17:55,039
THE HUGE FURNACE
IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
400
00:17:55,041 --> 00:17:58,976
110 MILLION GLASS
CONTAINERS A YEAR.
401
00:17:58,978 --> 00:18:02,246
THIS PRODUCES A GOOEY LIQUID
OF MOLTEN GLASS THAT POURS
402
00:18:02,248 --> 00:18:04,248
OUT OF THE FURNACE
AND THROUGH SHEARS
403
00:18:04,250 --> 00:18:06,250
THAT CUT THE GLASS
INTO CYLINDERS,
404
00:18:06,252 --> 00:18:07,652
READY TO BE DROPPED
INTO THE MOLDS
405
00:18:07,654 --> 00:18:10,320
OF THE BOTTOM-FORMING MACHINES.
406
00:18:10,322 --> 00:18:12,523
THESE MACHINES
CAN SHAPE THE GLASS
407
00:18:12,525 --> 00:18:13,924
IN A MATTER OF SECONDS.
408
00:18:13,926 --> 00:18:16,627
AND THAT GIVES THEM
THE RECOGNIZABLE BOTTLE SHAPE.
409
00:18:19,933 --> 00:18:23,000
THE BOTTLES ARE THEN COOLED
AT A CONTROLLED RATE IN A LAIR
410
00:18:23,002 --> 00:18:26,804
TO ENSURE THEY DON'T CRACK
FROM TEMPERATURE SHOCK.
411
00:18:26,806 --> 00:18:29,006
THE BOTTLES ARE INDIVIDUALLY
CHECKED BY HAND
412
00:18:29,008 --> 00:18:30,541
THROUGHOUT PRODUCTION TO ENSURE
413
00:18:30,543 --> 00:18:32,710
THEY'RE OF THE BEST
POSSIBLE QUALITY.
414
00:18:34,947 --> 00:18:37,948
THEY ARE THEN TESTED TO ENSURE
THEY ARE EXACTLY THE RIGHT SIZE,
415
00:18:37,950 --> 00:18:39,784
WEIGHT, AND STRENGTH.
416
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:47,892
AFTER ONE LAST VISUAL CHECK,
417
00:18:47,894 --> 00:18:50,428
THEY ARE THEN BOXED UP
AND SENT ON THEIR WAY,
418
00:18:50,430 --> 00:18:53,830
READY TO BE TURNED
INTO LAVA LAMPS.
419
00:18:53,832 --> 00:18:56,300
UPON ARRIVAL AT THE MATHMOS
HEADQUARTERS IN DORSET,
420
00:18:56,302 --> 00:18:58,969
THE RAW BOTTLES ARE
CAREFULLY INSPECTED BY HAND
421
00:18:58,971 --> 00:19:00,638
AND QUALITY RECHECKED.
422
00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:03,240
THE ACTUAL LAVA COMPONENT
OF THE LAMPS
423
00:19:03,242 --> 00:19:04,842
IS MADE UP OF A WAX FORMULA,
424
00:19:04,844 --> 00:19:06,644
THE EXACT INGREDIENTS
OF WHICH REMAIN
425
00:19:06,646 --> 00:19:09,447
A CLOSELY GUARDED
SECRET TO THIS DAY.
426
00:19:09,449 --> 00:19:13,184
THE NEXT STEP IS TO MIX
THE FORMULA IN A LARGE VAT.
427
00:19:13,186 --> 00:19:17,487
THIS VAT CAN PRODUCE 300 LAMPS'
WORTH OF WAX PER BATCH.
428
00:19:17,489 --> 00:19:20,390
THE BOTTLES ARE THEN TREATED
WITH A SOLUTION IN ORDER
429
00:19:20,392 --> 00:19:23,260
TO PREVENT THE WAX
FROM CLINGING TO THE SIDES.
430
00:19:23,262 --> 00:19:26,063
WHEN THIS IS COMPLETED,
THE RAW BOTTLES ARE INJECTED
431
00:19:26,065 --> 00:19:28,799
WITH THE ALL-IMPORTANT
WARM WAX FROM THE VAT
432
00:19:28,801 --> 00:19:31,669
BEFORE BEING WEIGHED TO ENSURE
EXACTLY THE PRECISE AMOUNT
433
00:19:31,671 --> 00:19:34,004
OF WAX IS BEING USED.
434
00:19:34,006 --> 00:19:37,675
NEXT UP IS A KEY ELEMENT
IN THE LAMP'S CREATION.
435
00:19:37,677 --> 00:19:39,543
A METAL COIL OR SPRING
436
00:19:39,545 --> 00:19:41,745
IS DROPPED INTO
EACH OF THE BOTTLES.
437
00:19:41,747 --> 00:19:44,348
THIS SPRING IS VITAL TO
THE LAVA LAMP'S FUNCTIONALITY.
438
00:19:44,350 --> 00:19:47,685
THE SPRING ACTS AS
A HEATING ELEMENT,
439
00:19:47,687 --> 00:19:50,888
AND ALSO, IT BREAKS THE SURFACE
TENSION UP OF THE WAX.
440
00:19:50,890 --> 00:19:52,623
IF YOU DIDN'T HAVE
THE SPRING IN,
441
00:19:52,625 --> 00:19:55,159
THEN ALL YOU WOULD HAVE
IS JUST A BALL OF WAX
442
00:19:55,161 --> 00:19:57,428
FLOATING IN THE MIDDLE,
NOT DOING ANYTHING.
443
00:19:57,430 --> 00:20:00,497
Narrator: THE BOTTLES ARE NOW
FILLED WITH THE MASTER FLUID,
444
00:20:00,499 --> 00:20:02,432
ANOTHER VERY CLOSELY
GUARDED SECRET,
445
00:20:02,434 --> 00:20:05,903
ALTHOUGH WE ARE TOLD IT
IS WATER-BASED.
446
00:20:05,905 --> 00:20:07,904
ONCE THE MASTER FLUID
HAS BEEN ADDED,
447
00:20:07,906 --> 00:20:09,707
THE NEWLY FILLED BOTTLES
ARE SUBMERGED
448
00:20:09,709 --> 00:20:11,375
INTO A TANK OF WARM WATER
449
00:20:11,377 --> 00:20:13,978
AT A TEMPERATURE
OF 161 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
450
00:20:13,980 --> 00:20:15,980
DOING THIS WARMS THE WAX,
451
00:20:15,982 --> 00:20:19,050
MAKING IT SIT NEAT AND LEVEL
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BOTTLE.
452
00:20:19,052 --> 00:20:20,784
AS WELL AS ENSURING
THE WAX IS NEAT,
453
00:20:20,786 --> 00:20:23,654
THIS TANKING PROCESS
ALSO SHOCK TESTS THE BOTTLES
454
00:20:23,656 --> 00:20:25,189
AND ENSURES THE FINISHED LAMPS
455
00:20:25,191 --> 00:20:28,191
WILL WITHSTAND BEING TAKEN
FROM COOL TO WARM TEMPERATURES.
456
00:20:28,193 --> 00:20:31,862
THE BOTTLES ARE THEN
LEFT TO COOL OVERNIGHT.
457
00:20:34,067 --> 00:20:36,533
NOW THAT THE BOTTLES
ARE AT THE CORRECT LIQUID LEVEL
458
00:20:36,535 --> 00:20:40,404
TO ENSURE A SAFETY AIR GAP,
IT'S TIME TO SEAL THE CAPS.
459
00:20:40,406 --> 00:20:44,141
HOT GLUE IS PUMPED
ONTO THE THREADS OF THE GLASS.
460
00:20:44,143 --> 00:20:46,611
A COMPRESSION TOOL
THEN TIGHTENS THE CAPS.
461
00:20:49,749 --> 00:20:51,882
AFTER ONE FINAL
QUALITY CONTROL TEST,
462
00:20:51,884 --> 00:20:53,950
THE BOTTLES ARE CLEANED,
THEN FULLY ASSEMBLED
463
00:20:53,952 --> 00:20:56,153
WITH THE METAL BASE AND CAP.
464
00:20:56,155 --> 00:20:57,954
THEY'RE NOW READY TO BE PACKED
465
00:20:57,956 --> 00:21:00,157
AND DISTRIBUTED
TO CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE,
466
00:21:00,159 --> 00:21:04,895
AS POPULAR NOW AS THEY WERE
OVER 50 YEARS AGO.
467
00:21:04,897 --> 00:21:07,030
SO THERE YOU HAVE IT,
468
00:21:07,032 --> 00:21:08,566
A GLANCE THROUGH
THE HIDDEN HISTORY
469
00:21:08,568 --> 00:21:10,767
AND SUPER SCIENCE OF
SOME AMAZING PRODUCTS
470
00:21:10,769 --> 00:21:12,637
THAT YOU USE EVERY DAY --
471
00:21:12,639 --> 00:21:15,172
THE TAXICAB,
SATELLITE NAVIGATION,
472
00:21:15,174 --> 00:21:16,774
AND THE LAVA LAMP.
473
00:21:16,776 --> 00:21:18,642
THEY MAY SEEM
COMMON AND ORDINARY.
474
00:21:18,644 --> 00:21:21,112
HOWEVER, THESE PRODUCTS
HELPED CHANGE THE WORLD
475
00:21:21,114 --> 00:21:23,914
ONE INCREDIBLE INVENTION
AT A TIME.